Chapter 3: Week 3: Carbohydrates

Carbohydrate metabolism

________ begins with digestion in the small intestine where monosaccharides are absorbed into the blood stream.

Hydrocarbons

________- molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen.

biosynthesis

When energy is needed for ________, ATP is hydrolyzed and stored energy is released for utilization.

negative poles

Nonpolar (no separation of charge, so no positive or ________ are formed, H- F, 0= 0)

Arthropods

________ and fungi use chitin.

Insulin

________ stimulates the transfer of glucose into the cells, especially in the liver and muscles.

Condensation reactions

________ are used to make crucial large molecules called macromolecules in the body, such as carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.

Carbohydrates

________ are simple sugars such as glucose, which is used for energy in the body.

Hydrolysis

________ occurs when water is added to the equation to break it down or separate it.

Fructose

________ is a structural isomer of glucose.

Carbon

________ can form nonpolar and polar bond.

Galactose

________ is a stereoisomer of glucose.

glycogen

In the liver and muscles, most of the glucose is changed into ________.

Dehydration

________ means to take away water, and synthesis means to build or create something.

metabolic process

If glucose is needed immediately upon entering the cells to supply energy, it begins the ________.

Organic molecules

________ contain carbon.

complex molecules

Foods, having ________ are broken down into simple molecules.

Dehydration Synthesis

________ is defined as taking away water to build something.

concentration of glucose

If the ________ in the blood is too high, insulin is secreted by the pancreas.

Hydrolysis

________ involves water to split polymers into monomers.

carbohydrate

A(n) ________ is an organic compound such as sugar or starch.

condensation reaction

A(n) ________ occurs when two molecules join to form a larger molecule and release a smaller molecule (s) in the process.

Glycogen

________ is stored in the liver and muscles until needed at some later time when glucose levels are low.

Hydrolysis

In Chemistry, ________ is a chemical reaction with water, in which a macromolecule is separated into smaller molecules.

Carbohydrates

________ are the most common type of organic compound.

condensation reaction

A(n) ________ is the formation of a larger molecule from two smaller ones, which also form another, smaller molecule by losing functional groups in order to join together.

*Hydrocarbons

molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen

-monomers

> polymers

-Polymers

> monomers

*Three types

structural isomers, geometric isomers, and enantiomers

-Pentoses

ribose (C5H10O5), deoxyribose (C5H10O4)

-Hexose

glucose (C6H12O6)

*Examples

sucrose, lactose, maltose

Dehydration

smaller molecule is water (H2O)

Which molecule is the monomer, or subunit, of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharide

After making hypothesis, the scientist performs a(n) _____ to collect data.

Experiment

The # of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element is _____

Atomic mass

Which of the following best describes an electron?

It has a negative charge and much less than a proton.

Electron have what type of charge?

Neutral

A scientist is investigating a new treatment for a disease that affects thousands of people. Many people with this disease volunteer to be part of the study. Which statement is an ethical concern that the scientist must address before conducting the study?

The scientist must inform the volunteers about the potential dangers of participating in the study.

A negatively-charged particle moving around the nucleus of an atom us a(n)_____

electron

Which pH range describes strong acids?

0-4