Test 5: Leaglism, Confucianism, and Daoism

Philosophy

System of Ideas

Filial Piety

Respect for your parents and elders above all else

Confucianism

an ancient Chinese belief system, which focuses on the importance of personal ethics and morality

Legalism

All people are inherently bad, they have to be forced to by good by strict and heavy laws and harsh punishments.

Monopoly

The exclusive control over an item or industry

Expansionism

the policy where expanding the empire (landwise or economic) is prioritized

Warlord

a military commander, especially an aggressive regional commander with individual __power__

Acupuncture

__alleviate__ pain and to treat various physical, mental, and emotional conditions

Salvation

saving someone or something from harm, __ruin__, or loss.

Scholar

a specialist in a particular branch of study, especially the humanities; a distinguished academic.

Framework

a basic structure underlying a system, concept, or text.

Terra-Cotta

__unglazed__, typically brownish-red __clay made from the earth__

Feudalism

a social system where people worked and fought for nobles who gave them protection and the use of land in return.

Mandate

an official order or commission to do something

Bureaucracy

a system of government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives.

Humanism

approach to life based on reason and our common humanity, recognizing that moral values are properly founded on human nature and experience alone.

Aphorism

a __pithy__ observation that contains a general truth, such as, “if it ain't broke, don't fix it.”.

Who was confucius?

He was born in **551 BCE** to a noble but poor family. He hoped to become an advisor to local governments but when that didn’t work out he turned to teaching. He never wrote down his ideas, and only after his death did his students complied his teachings into the analects.

What were confucius’s five relationships?

Elder Brother to Younger Brother

Husband to Wife

Father to Son

Ruler to Subject

Friend to Friend

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None of the relationships had an equal power dynamic except for friend to friend.

What were the parts of Confucianism?

Everyone had duties and responsibilities, superiors should care for and set a good example for their inferiors, inferiors should show respect and obedience, a woman’s role was to ensure stability of the family and promote harmony of the home. Filial Piety and honesty, hard work, and other values had a heavy emphasis.

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He believed correct behavior would bring order and stability.

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Li - conforming aspect, included rites, ceremonies, proper behavior, etiquette, is performed in good faith where everyone plays their proper role & good manners. Produces universal harmony and means there is no need for laws and punishments .

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Ren - reforming aspect, includes benevolence and humanness, the relationship between two people, reciprocity and mutual responsibility. Each role has clearly defined duties, and extended filial piety to all human beings.

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What was his view on government?

A ruler had the responsibility to act righteous and to provide good government, in turn the people will be loyal and respectful (tolerance). He also believed government officials and rulers should be well educated as well as take advice from those who are highly educated

How did Confucianism spread?

His ideas influence almost every part of Chinese life, and as Chinese civilization spread so did Confucianism.

Who was Hanfeizi?

The founder of Legalism, he died in **233 BCE.** He believed that humans are inherently evil and that the only way to achieve order was to heavily regulate people with strict laws and harsh punishments. To legalists, the strongest leader is one who is strong.

Who is Laozi?

Founder of daoism, is said to have lives around the same time as confuicus. he wrote the way of the virtue.

What is Daoism

Looked beyond day - to day life to focus on the bigger picture. If ykyk mentality, if you have to ask about the Dao you dont have it or know how to achieve it. Rejects conflict and strife, sought to end conflict between human desires and the simple ways of nature. Stressed yielding, and turned away from the “unnatural” ways of society. (most became poets, hermits, etc.)

How did Daoists view government?

viewed problems as unnatural, and thus the cause of other problems. “if people are difficult to govern it is because those in authority are fond of action” and the best government was one who governed the least.

How did Confucianism and Daoism fuse?

Scholars kept Laozi’s ideas, and eventually Daoism evolved into a religion. Instead of people accepting nature as it is (true Daoism) they sought to change it by looking for a immortality potion. (their trials brought many contributions to science)

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Eventually people began to merge the ideas, with Confucianism and Daoism influenced their views of the natural world

How did bhuddism spread in china?

By 100 ACE Mahayana Buddhism spread from India, all the way to china. Inniayally it conflicted with chinease values (non attachment v filail pety) however it became very popukar esp. in times of crisis

IWW did Shi Huangdi impose unity?

Abolished feudalism instead divided country up into 46 military states, he made lower classes pay high taxes, made noble live with peasants in the capital.

IWW did Shi Huangdi promote unity?

standardized weight and measures, fixed transportation routes by extending roads and canals, made a uniform writing system.

IWW did Shi Huangdi crackdown on dissent?

Heavily punished critics, burned books on philosophy, killed everyone who supported other religions and philosophies.

How long did the Qin Dynasty last?

Lasted 14 years from **220 BCE to 206 BCE**

Why did the Qin dynasty collapse?

civil wars, revolts against the emperors, anger over heavy taxes, forced labor, and cruel policies

How did Liu Bang restore order in china?

Confucianism, lowering taxes, easing cruel policies.

How did Wudi take China to “new heights” in government?

Officials followed Confucianism, people believed government officials should earn their positions. The civil service exam ensured that people who deserved the positions get them. In theory, anyone could take it but in reality only the rich could afford to take it because they would pay for the studies. However sometimes a village would send one kid to school with the hopes of them passing the test and becoming an official thus boosting the status of the village.

How did Wudi take China to “new heights” in w/ economy?

Established a monopoly over iron and salt as well as improving transportation (roads/canals). Set up the silk road which was a trade route sending new food groups and materials over to the west. Merchants didn’t travel the whole way, they stopped at rest stops and traded who traded to other people which created cultural diffusion and the spread of Chinese culture.

How did Wudi take China to “new heights” in expansionism?

Fought many battle to acquire lots of land and spread Chinese influence past the great wall, had posts in CA, Tibet, Korea, Japan, Manchuria, and Northern Vietnam.

How did Wudi take China to “new heights” w/ advancements?

Science- Chemistry, Botany, zoology. Developed seismograph and established that no theory should be accepted without proof observed the stars to make better calendars, disproved theories, gained knowledge lunar and solar eclipses,

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Medicine- Diagnosed and treated diseases, performed surgeries, experimented with herbal medicine and other drugs, acupuncture and developed anesthetics

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Tech - Made rudders to steer boats, invented durable paper, made suspension bridges, water pumps for agriculture, fishing reels, and wheelbarrows. Unified the axle size so when on silk road, if your wheel broke it could easily be replaced.