Vocabulary #2 - Madeline

Battle of New Orleans

A battle during the War of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. Due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.

Battle of the Alamo

Battle between Texas and Mexico in 1836. Crushing defeat for the Texans, made them more determined to win independence.

Compromise of 1850

(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas

Corrupt bargain

Refers to the presidential election of 1824 in which Henry Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced the House of Representatives to elect Adams rather than Jackson.

Louisiana Territory

Land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains purchased from France for 15 million dollars. It doubled the size of the US at the time, getting more land than the US wanted.

Manifest destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

Marbury v. Madison

In response to Jefferson’s reaction to Adam quickly choosing his appointees on the last night of his presidency, this case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review (the right to review ALL actions of the Executive and Legislative branches to make sure they do not usurp authority).

McCulloch v. Maryland

The constitutionality of a FEDERAL bank had always been in question, but Chief Justice John Marshall & the Supreme Court had ruled it was ok in the case ______. Andrew Jackson created Pet Banks in response to this.

Missouri Compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories. Pushed through by Henry Clay in 1820. Future states NORTH of 36º 30’ Latitude are to be FREE.
Missouri – SLAVE
Maine – FREE

Monroe Doctrine

After the War of 1812, the U.S. tells Europe that the Western Hemisphere is closed to their colonization.

Nativism

When native-born Americans resented immigrants coming to the United States and felt threatened by them (Anti-immigrant)

Nullification

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional

Pet banks

State banks where Andrew Jackson placed deposits removed from the federal National Bank in hopes of destroying the federal bank from the inside.

Protective tariff

A tax on imported goods that raises the price of imports so people will buy domestic goods

Sectionalism

Loyalty to one's own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole.

Differences between the north & south that caused the U.S. to begin to “split.”

Spoils system

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

When Andrew Jackson made sure his faithful supporters and friends were placed in positions of power in government

Telegraph

A device for rapid, long-distance transmission of information(messages) over an electric wire. It was introduced in England and North America in the 1830s and 1840s.

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored the status quo. For the most part, territory captured in the war was returned to the original owner. It also set up a commission to determine the disputed Canada/U.S. border.

Turnpike

road on which tolls are collected (**national road**).

Webster-Ashburton Treaty

signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies. It solidified the U.S. - Canada (British) border.