Chapter 5 – Social Stratification - SOC 1000

Fill-in-the-blank flashcards covering key concepts, definitions, statistics, and theoretical perspectives on social stratification in Canada.

__ is the unequal distribution of resources within a society.

Social inequality

__ refers to socially-sanctioned patterns of inequality that rank groups hierarchically.

Social stratification

Systems of stratification that allow little or no mobility, such as slavery or caste, are called __ systems.

Closed

Canada’s class system is an example of an __ system of stratification.

Open

Movement between different social classes is known as __.

Social mobility

Moving from the working class to the middle class is an example of __ mobility.

Vertical

A change of occupation within the same class level illustrates __ mobility.

Horizontal

When mobility occurs within a single individual’s lifetime, it is termed __ mobility.

Intragenerational

Mobility that compares parents’ and children’s class positions is called __ mobility.

Intergenerational

Family background, ascribed traits, structural factors, and unforeseen events are __ and constraining forces on mobility.

Enabling

__ represents an individual's financial resources such as income, real estate, savings, stocks, and bonds.

Wealth

According to 2018 data, the top decile received about __ of total after-tax income in Canada.

27.2 percent

Although the higher class makes up roughly 30 % of the population, it controls __ % of Canada’s total wealth.

57.6

The income range that defines Canada’s middle class is approximately to dollars.

$44,400–$82,400

Households earning less than __ per year are considered part of the lower class in Canada.

$39,300

Canada’s Official Poverty Line is determined using the __ Basket Measure (MBM).

Market

The Low-Income Cut-Off identifies families that spend a greater share of income on __, __, and __ than the average family.

Food, clothing, and shelter

In 2020, the one-year LICO for a single person was set at __.

$25,920

Among demographic groups, __ families face one of the highest poverty rates at 29.2 %.

Lone-parent

One myth about poverty is that people live in poverty because they do not want to __.

Work

Functionalists argue that stratification creates a __, where rewards are allocated based on ability and effort.

Meritocracy

According to Marx, private ownership and the pursuit of surplus value create worker __.

Alienation

Lenski’s intermediate view states that rewards are distributed based on both (functionalist idea) and (conflict idea).

Societal needs; power

The working poor are typically found within the __ class.

Lower

The ultra-rich within the higher class are also called the __ class.

Capitalist

High median incomes may coexist with high inequality, as illustrated by the province of __ compared to the Maritimes.

Alberta

In regions with higher costs of living, such as the __ Territories, median incomes are also higher.

Northwest

Poverty-reduction programs that include supplemental supports and targeted benefits are part of a society’s net.

Social safety