Manufacturing, Sustainability and Standards

Flashcards about manufacturing, sustainability, and standards.

The Trade Description Act 1968

States that it is illegal to mislead consumers by applying false descriptions to goods or services.

False descriptions could apply to the materials used to make a product, the size, the fitness for purpose etc.

Local trading standards authorities must enforce this act and can charge criminal charges.

Ethical trade

Retailers, brands and their suppliers take responsibility for improving the working conditions of the people who make the products they sell.

Design obsolescence advantages

Ensures a predictable and renewed demand for a popular product as new customers will purchase the new product and existing customers will need to update their older obsolete model with a newer version eg iphone.

Design obsolescence disadvantages

The disposal of old products increases waste and the manufacture of new products uses up valuable materials, resources and energy.

British Standards Institute (BSI)

Products and services undergo rigorous testing and inspections to ensure they meet all current guidelines and recognised industry standards

products that meet this will be awarded the kitemark.

Consumers can be sure that their product will be fit for purpose if it carries the kitemark.

Kitemark

Awarded to products that meet all standards set by the BSI; assures consumers that products are of high quality, safe to use and fit for purpose.

International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Responsible for developing and publishing international standards that can be consistently applied to ensure materials, products, processes and services are fit for purpose.

It focus’ on things important to customers.

It develops a standard as a result of a need that has been identified by the market.

Sustainability

Meeting today's needs without compromising the needs of future generations by not using up the Earth's resources faster than they can be replaced and not polluting the Earth further.

People can be sustainable by:

• Using recycled materials.

• Reduce the amount of materials used.

• Use less energy to make products.

• Use renewable energy sources.

• Make products that can be repaired.

CAM

The process of using machinery to produce products that run from instructions produced from CAD drawings

Advantages are:

• Its quick

• It creates consistent, accurate designs

• It makes less mistakes

Disadvantages are:

• Training is required to operate it

• Social issues like job loss

• Needs regular maintenance to ensure optimal performance.

CAD

An effective method of digitally drawing, editing and presenting design work.

Advantages are:

• Improved quality

• Designs can be easily copied or repeated

• CAD designs can be shared betweeen manufacturers to work collabrotively with other designers.

Disadvantages:

• Complex to learn

• Risk of data being corrupted or hacked

• Hardware can be expensive.

Straight line production

Work flows through a series of workstations in a straight line. Work is passed from one worker to the next. Work is timed for maximum output and is repetitive for workers.

The progressive bundle system/production

Bundles of garments or product parts are moved in sequence from one worker to the next. Each worker completes a single operation on each garment within a bundle. Garment parts are re-tied into bundles and passed to the next worker

Cell production

Small sub-assembly lines work on parts of a product or on one size of a complete product. A cell can be set up to manufacture a specific part of a product before it goes back onto the main production line.

The British Standards Institute (BSI)

Regulates standards for the UK.

The European Committee for standardisation (CEN)

Regulates standards for Europe.

The International Standards Organisation (ISO)

Ensures that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality internationally.

Carbon footprint

The amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere as a result of the activities of a particular individual, organization or community.

CO2 is a greenhouse gas which traps the suns heat at the surface of the earth and contributed to the warning of earth.

The more CO2 someone generates, the bigger their impact on the environment.

Using energy from fossil fuels adds to our carbon footprint.

Circular economy

Resource use is minimized (reduce). Reuse of products and parts is maximized (reuse). And last but not least, raw materials are reused (recycled) to a high standard.

Linear economy

Raw materials are collected, then transformed into products that are used until they are finally discarded as waste.

6 R’s of sustainability

• Rethink

• Reduce

• Recycle

• Reuse

• Refuse

• Repair

Global production

Advantages

• Greater choice of products

• Provides high employment and higher living standards abroad

• Improves the skills of the local workforce

Disadvantages

• Environmental damage

• Multi national companies may cut corners on health and safety and pollution

• Workers are paid low wages and work in poor conditions

Planned obsolescence

When a product is designed in a way that means it will no longer function or will become less fashionable in a set period of time.

For example mobile phones.