AP Euro Topic: 7.2 Nationalism (AMSCO)

Nationalism

Strong emotional attachment to one's ethnic or cultural group. Originally positive emphasizing culture, but has an ugly divisive side as well.

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romantic idealism

Looking back as the past as a nobler and more perfect time, emphasizing folk traditions, music, and legends of one's past.

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Grimm Brothers

collected and published local German fairy tales, work is example of Romantic German nationalism

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Richard Wagner

German composer of operas and inventor of the music drama in which drama and spectacle and music are fused to promote pride in Germany.

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Victor Hugo

Author of Les Miserables. French Romantic Author who wrote about individuals struggling against cruel societies.

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Johann Gottlieb Fichte

Supporter of the idea of national aggrandizement. Promoted the special importance of the German language and culture and felt Germany had a duty to lead other nations in advancing.

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national aggrandizement

The promotion of a nation to make it appear to have great powers/to be an exemplar for "lesser" nations to follow.

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chauvinistic

feeling or displaying aggressive or exaggerated patriotism

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racialism

the belief that some races of people are better than others. Used very much to promote nationalism in the 19th c.

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Pan-Slavism

nationalist movement in which Slavic peoples of Eastern and East-Central Europe strove to unite as one to further their mutual cultural and political hopes.

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anti-Semitism

hostility to or prejudice against Jews.

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Pogroms

violent attacks on Jewish communities (especially in Russia and Eastern Europe) often supported by government officials.

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Napoleon III

president of the Second Republic of France in 1848 and engineered a coup d'etat, ultimately making himself head of the Second Empire. Promoted reforms in France to modernize it.

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Giuseppe Mazzini

The Heart of Italian Unification. Envisioned a unified Italian peninsula. Founder of "Young Italy" movement.

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Risorgiamento

Resurgence of Italian nationalism, begun under Giuseppe Mazzini (the <3 of Italian Unification).

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Camillo di Cavour

The brains of Italian Unification. He was Prime Minister for Victor Emmanuel II and through diplomacy and war unified Northern Italy.

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Otto von Bismarck

Iron Chancellor of Prussia who was the primary figure in using nationalism to create the unification of Germany.

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Christian Social Party

German political group who used anti-Semitism and the fears of the German working class to draw its power.

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Karl Lueger

Mayor of Vienna Austria, Christian Social Party leader, who promoted strong anti-Semitism in Austria. Created the environment that inspired/influenced Hitler.

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Dreyfus Affair

A divisive case in which a Jewish captain in the French army, was falsely accused and convicted of treason. He was later found innocent. Exemplary of anti-Semitism in France.

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Zionism

A movement founded in the 1890s to promote the establishment of a Jewish homeland in Palestine.

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Theodore Herzl

Father of Zionism. Inspired by the Dreyfus Affair.

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Giuseppe Garibaldi

The Sword of Italian Unification, he united Southern Italy and then gave power over to King Victor Emmanuel II so that Italy could be unified.

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Nationalism as a Sledge Hammer

When Nationalism smashes an empire into bits, as it did with the Austrian Empire.

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Nationalism as a magnet

When Nationalism draws regions together into one nation, as in Germany and Italy.

Emile Zola

Wrote "J'Accuse", which accused the French Army/government of wrongly convicting and imprisoning Dreyfus. Major voice supporting Dreyfus.

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