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Density
________ is a positive scalar quantity.
Density
Mass per unit volume of a substance is defined as density.
Buoyancy
If a body is fully or partially immersed in a fluid, it experiences an upward force due to the fluid called buoyant force, and the phenomenon is called buoyancy.
The Volume Flow Rate
It is the volume of fluid that passes through a particular point per unit of time.
f = Av
f = volumetric flow rate
A = cross-sectional area
v = flow velocity v
Bernoulli’s Effect
At comparable heights, the pressure is lower where the flow speed is greater.
Air Flow
The air on the bottom has greater pressure and pushes up on the wing giving the airplane lift force
Pressure
Pressure is defined as the magnitude of the normal force acting per unit surface area.
P = F/A
P is pressure
F is force
A is the area
Pressure units
Pascal (Pa) 1 Pa = 1 N/m^2
Practical units: atm, bar, torr
Hydrostatic pressure
It is the pressure due to the liquid.
Continuity equation
The density of the fluid is constant.
A1V1 = A2V2
A1 and A2 (cross-sectional areas)
V1 and V2 (flow velocities)
Bernoulli’s Equation (Conservation of energy in liquids)
fluid is incompressible.
fluid’s viscosity is negligible.
fluid is streamlined.
the equation is very similar to the conservation of energy with total mechanical energy.
Note
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