Statistics Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards for statistics concepts.

Population

The whole set of items that are of interest in a statistical study.

Census

Observes or measures every member of a population.

Sample

A selection of observations taken from a subset of the population to find out information about the population as a whole.

Sampling Units

Individual units of a population.

Sampling Frame

A list of individually named or numbered sampling units of a population.

Simple Random Sample

A sample where every sample of size n has an equal chance of being selected.

Systematic Sampling

Elements are chosen at regular intervals from an ordered list.

Stratified Sampling

The population is divided into mutually exclusive groups (strata), and a random sample is taken from each.

Quota Sampling

An interviewer or researcher selects a sample that reflects the characteristics of the whole population.

Opportunity Sampling

Taking the sample from people who are available at the time the study is carried out and who fit the criteria.

Quantitative Variables/Data

Variables or data associated with numerical observations.

Qualitative Variables/Data

Variables or data associated with non-numerical observations.

Continuous Variable

A variable that can take any value in a given range.

Discrete Variable

A variable that can take only specific values in a given range.

Classes

The sets of possible data values in grouped frequency tables.

Class Boundaries

The maximum and minimum values that belong in each class.

Midpoint

The average of the class boundaries.

Class Width

The difference between the upper and lower class boundaries.