Metabolism and Bioenergetics Review

These flashcards cover key concepts from the Metabolism and Bioenergetics lecture, focusing on definitions, processes, and metabolic states.

What is metabolism?

Metabolism is the sum of catabolic and anabolic reactions in the body.

Define catabolism.

Catabolism is the breakdown of organic substrates in the body.

Define anabolism.

Anabolism is the synthesis of new organic molecules.

Where does cellular catabolism occur?

Cellular catabolism occurs in the mitochondria.

What is the net gain of ATP in glycolysis?

The net gain of ATP in glycolysis is 2 ATP.

What major process does the citric acid cycle carry out?

The citric acid cycle removes hydrogen atoms from organic molecules and transfers them to coenzymes for use in the electron transport chain.

What is the role of coenzymes in the electron transport chain?

Coenzymes deliver hydrogen atoms from earlier metabolic processes to the electron transport chain.

What are the two states of metabolic activity?

The two states of metabolic activity are the absorptive state and the postabsorptive state.

How does insulin affect metabolism?

Insulin regulates metabolic processes during the absorptive state by promoting storage of nutrients.

What happens during the postabsorptive state?

During the postabsorptive state, the body relies on internal energy reserves as nutrient absorption does not occur.

Define lipogenesis.

Lipogenesis is the synthesis of lipids from acetyl-CoA and other organic substrates.

What is the primary energy source for cells?

Glucose is the primary energy source for cells due to its ease of mobilization and ability to provide ATP.

What is beta-oxidation?

Beta-oxidation is the catabolism of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA for energy production.

What do high levels of LDL indicate?

High levels of LDL indicate an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.

What is the difference between complete and incomplete proteins?

Complete proteins provide all essential amino acids, while incomplete proteins lack one or more essential amino acids.

What is the role of vitamins in metabolism?

Vitamins are organic compounds required in small quantities for essential metabolic activities.

What is thermoregulation?

Thermoregulation is the homeostatic control of body temperature.

What hormone stimulates appetite in the short term?

Ghrelin is a hormone that stimulates appetite in the short term.