Horse prod/man exam 1

What horse breed is extremely rare (native to Mongolia) and the only true wild horse left?

przwalski’s horse

What breeds are confused for wild but are just feral?

mustangs and brumbys

What group rounds up horses and tries to help with overpopulation of feral horses?

the bureau of land management

Where do you measure horse height at ?

the withers

What are the categories horse can be separated into?

hot bloods, cold bloods, and warm bloods OR heavy breed, light breed, pony breed, and miniature horses

How tall are ponies?

below 14-2 hands (58 inches)

How many inches is one hand?

4 inches

How tall are miniature horses?

38 inches tall

Which species are miniature horses more closely related to than horses?

ponies

True or false donkeys and mules are sterile

true

What makes a mule?

male donkey and female horse

What makes a hinny?

female donkey and male horse

What species is metabolically efficient and less likely to run from danger?

donkeys

What is one of the oldest horse breeds?

the Arabian

What kind of breed is the Arabian horse and what is it known for?

light breed horse known for endurance

What kind of horse is the Appaloosa?

light horse breed introduced to America by the Spanish

True or false all appaloosa horses have spots

false

What is one of the oldest horse breeds in the US and is known for having a quiet temperament, muscular, and light breed?

American quarter horse

What horse was bred to be race horses and were heavily used for ranch work?

American quarter horse

What horse breed is very athletic, used for modern day racing, and are distance runners instead of sprinters?

thorough bred horse

What type of horse is the thorough bred horse?

light horse breed

Which breed ancestry traceback 3 sire and includes the Arabian ?

thorough bred horse

What is the largest breed of horse?

the shire

What kind of horse is the shire?

draft breed

What are some other draft breeds?

belgian, clydesdale, and percheron

What are some warm blooded horse breeds?

Holstein, dutch warmblood, Hanoverian, and trakehner

What are some gaited horse breeds?

Tennessee walking horse, Missouri fox trotter, Paso fino, saddlebreds, and Standardbreds

What kind of gait is the walk?

lateral 4 beat gait with 2-3 feet on the ground at a point in time (r. hind, r. front then l. hind, l. front)

What kind of gait is the trot?

bouncy with a diagonal walk (L. hind, R. front then all on ground, then back right, front left)

What kind of gait is the canter/lope ?

a natural 3 beat (asymmetrical) gait (right hind, left hind and right front at the same time, then left front

What kind of gait does the gallop/run have?

natural 4 beat gait which has a long moment of suspension (right hind, left hind, right front, left front)

What is the fastest gait a horse can do?

the gallop/run

What kind of gait does the back/reinback have?

2 beat diagonal gait in which the legs are moved backward (similar to trot)

How fast is the flat footed walk?

4 mph

How fast is the trot?

9 mph

How fast is the canter?

12-15 mph

How fast is the gallop?

15-18 mph

What type of gaits are flat and don’t have moments of suspension?

ambling gaits

What type of gait typically has 4 beats and no bouncing while riding?

ambling gaits

What gene in the spinal cord helps gaited horses perform other gaits?

DMRT3 gene

What type of vision do horses have?

both monocular and binocular vision

Which type of vision is better in horses?

their monocular vision

What is a colt?

young male less than 5 years old

What is a filly?

young female less than 5 years old

What is a stallion?

male horse 5 and older

What is a mare?

female 5 and older

What is a gelding?

a castrated male

What is a foal?

a horse aged from birth to 6 months old

What is a weanling?

a horse 5/6 months old to a year old

At what age can horses start getting rode on?

2 years old

What is a snip ?

face marking that has some white between the nostrils

What is a star?

face marking that has a spot at the top of the forehead between the eyes

What is a stripe?

face marking that is a stripe from the forehead down to the nose

What is a blaze?

face marking that has a wide stripe from the top the forehead down to the nose

What is a bald face?

face marking where the face is mostly white

What is a coronet?

a white hoof

What is a pastern?

leg marking that has a white hoof and is white up to the ankle

What is a sock?

leg marking that has a white hoof up to right below the knee

What is a stocking?

leg marking where the hoof is white and goes up to and over the knee

What is the difference between a bay and a chestnut colored horse?

Bay horses have black points on their tail, mane, and legs while chestnuts don’t

What do palminos’s look like?

buttermilk colored with a white tail and mane (look like faded chestnuts)

What is the difference between a paint horse and a pinto horse?

paint is the breed that is part of the quarter horse family and pinto is the color pattern (isn’t part of the quarter horse family)

What breed doesn’t have its own breed registry?

appaloosa

What are the 3 basic coat colors?

bay, black, chestnut/sorrel

What is the MC1R gene?

red factor locus that controls black and red pigmentation

What do the alleles ee make?

chestnut color (red hair)

What does the allele E (EE or Ee) make?

black hair

What does the ASIP (agouti) gene do?

distribute black pigment

What does the allele A (AA or Aa) make?

black points or hair

What do the alleles aa make?

entire body black

What does the allele EA make ?

bay

What do the alleles E aa make?

black

What do the alleles ee A make?

chestnut

What do the alleles eeaa make ?

chestnut

What coat colors are a result of the dilution gene?

palmino, buckskin, cream, champagne, dun, pearl, silver, and mushroom

What is the N/Cr alleles responsible for?

dilutes body color and points

What color does N/Cr dilute chestnuts to?

palomino

What color does N/Cr dilute bays to?

buckskin

What color does N/Cr dilute black horses to?

smokey black

What do the alleles Cr/Cr do?

dilutes any color to a pale cream

What does Cr/Cr dilute palominos to?

cremello

What does Cr/Cr dilute buckskin to?

perlino

What does Cr/Cr dilute smokey black to?

smokey cream

What marking identifies a dun horse?

dorsal stripe and dark marks on the legs

What’s the difference between dun and a buckskin?

duns have a dorsal stripe

What do the alleles DD (or Dd) do?

dilutes body color except the points

What do the alleles dd do?

no dun (undiluted color)

What are the two types of white patterns in horses?

distributed white and patch white

Examples of distributed white coats?

roan and grey

Types of patch white coat examples?

Appaloosa, dominant white, sabino, splashed white, tobiano, and overo

What does the G gene do?

causes progressive depigmentation of the hair

What does the allele G make?

grey

What does the allele N make?

not grey

What do the alleles NN make?

not grey

What do the alleles NG make?

grey (50%)

What do the alleles GG make?

grey (100%)

What color horses are born colored and turn over time?

grey horses

What colors make blue roan?

black and roan

What colors make red roan?

chestnut and roan

What do the alleles N/N do?

make it not roan