Boyle's Law & Vertebral Column

Respiration

the exchange of gas between an organism and its environment

Inspiration

breathing in to bring oxygen to the cells of the body to sustain life

Expiration

breathing out to eliminate waste products

air pressure

force exerted on the walls of a chamber by molecules of air

Positive pressure

air pressure that exceeds atmospheric pressure

Negative pressure

air pressure that is less than atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure

pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere

Sternum

the lateral and anterior aspect of the bony thorax, also called the breastplate`

Vertebra

bony segment of the vertebral column

Cervical vertebra

vertebra of the cervical spinal column

thoracic vertebra

vertebra of the thoracic spinal column

lumbar vertebrae

vertebra of the lumber spinal column

Sacral vertebra

vertebral components of the sacrum

Coccygeal vertebrae

fused vestigial vertebral components of the coccyn

Spinous Process

posterior-most process of vertebrae

Transverse Process

lateral processes of vertebrae

Vertebral foramen

foramen of vertebral segment through which spinal cord passes

Corpus

anterior-most, solid body of vertebrae

Sacrum

the fused mass consisting of the five sacral vertebrae

Lamina

posterior wall around the vertebral foramen between the spinous and transverse processes

Pedicle

lateral wall around the vertebral foramen between the transverse process and the corpus

superior costal facet

the junction of the corpus and pedicle where the inferior head of the rib articulates

inferior costal facet

the inferior, posterior, lateral aspect of the corpus where the superior head of the rib articulates

Transverse costal facet

located on the anterior surface of the transverse process, it articulates with the tubercle of the inferior rib

Coccyx

composed of the fused coccygeal vertebrae

Pelvic girdle

the area comprised of the ilium, sacrum, public bone, and ischium to which the lower extremities are attached

Pectoral Girdle

the area comprised of the scapula and cavicle to which the upper extremities are attached

Scapula

also known as the shoulder blade, it connects the humerus (upper arm bone) with the clavicle

Clavicle

also known as the collarbone, it connects the scapula and the sternum