Unit 3 Psychology

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27 Terms

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Divergent Thinking
Creative thinking that generates multiple solutions to a problem.
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Convergent Thinking
Logical thinking that narrows options to find a single correct solution.
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Prototypes
The best example of a concept that helps categorize new information.
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Algorithms
Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a correct solution.
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Heuristics
Mental shortcuts used to make quick, efficient decisions.
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Schema
A mental framework that helps organize and interpret information.
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Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
A graph showing how memory fades over time without review.
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Semantic Memory
Memory of facts, concepts, and general knowledge.
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Episodic Memory
Memory of personal experiences and events.
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Procedural Memory
Memory of how to perform tasks, like riding a bike.
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Chunking
Grouping information into smaller units to aid memory.
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Serial Position Effect
The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list best.
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Mnemonic
A memory aid, like acronyms or rhymes, that helps retention.
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Priming
The unconscious activation of related memories or concepts.
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Working Memory
Active processing of information held for short periods.
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Short-Term Memory
Temporary memory storage, lasting about 20-30 seconds.
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Long-Term Memory
Memory storage for information retained over time.
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Prefrontal Cortex
The brain region responsible for decision-making and problem-solving.
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Amygdala
A brain structure involved in emotions, especially fear and aggression.
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Hippocampus
The brain region essential for forming new memories.
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Encoding
The process of converting information into memory.
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Retrieval Cue
A stimulus that helps recall stored information.
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Recall
Retrieving information without external cues (e.g., essay tests).
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Recognition
Identifying previously learned information (e.g., multiple-choice tests).
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Fixed Mindset
The belief that abilities are static and cannot change.
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Growth Mindset
The belief that abilities can develop through effort and learning.
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Social Cognitive Theory
The idea that learning occurs by observing others and modeling behaviors.