Unit 3 Psychology

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27 Terms

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Divergent Thinking

Creative thinking that generates multiple solutions to a problem.

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Convergent Thinking

Logical thinking that narrows options to find a single correct solution.

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Prototypes

The best example of a concept that helps categorize new information.

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Algorithms

Step-by-step procedures that guarantee a correct solution.

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Heuristics

Mental shortcuts used to make quick, efficient decisions.

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Schema

A mental framework that helps organize and interpret information.

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Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve

A graph showing how memory fades over time without review.

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Semantic Memory

Memory of facts, concepts, and general knowledge.

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Episodic Memory

Memory of personal experiences and events.

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Procedural Memory

Memory of how to perform tasks, like riding a bike.

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Chunking

Grouping information into smaller units to aid memory.

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Serial Position Effect

The tendency to remember the first and last items in a list best.

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Mnemonic

A memory aid, like acronyms or rhymes, that helps retention.

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Priming

The unconscious activation of related memories or concepts.

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Working Memory

Active processing of information held for short periods.

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Short-Term Memory

Temporary memory storage, lasting about 20-30 seconds.

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Long-Term Memory

Memory storage for information retained over time.

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Prefrontal Cortex

The brain region responsible for decision-making and problem-solving.

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Amygdala

A brain structure involved in emotions, especially fear and aggression.

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Hippocampus

The brain region essential for forming new memories.

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Encoding

The process of converting information into memory.

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Retrieval Cue

A stimulus that helps recall stored information.

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Recall

Retrieving information without external cues (e.g., essay tests).

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Recognition

Identifying previously learned information (e.g., multiple-choice tests).

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Fixed Mindset

The belief that abilities are static and cannot change.

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Growth Mindset

The belief that abilities can develop through effort and learning.

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Social Cognitive Theory

The idea that learning occurs by observing others and modeling behaviors.