cell injury

mostly definitions relating to cell injury

Antioxidants

chemicals that eliminate free radicals to minimize damage to cells.

Endotoxins

usually sugar /lipid complexes in bacterial cell wall that are released when bacteria is killed, damaging host.

Accumulations:: ________ that the cell can not use or eliminate.

buildup of material

Exotoxins

proteins released from bacteria while it grows that damages the host.

Anemia

decrease of oxygen carrying capacity in blood.

Free radicals

highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron.

hypoxia

decrease of oxygen in body tissues/organs

hypoxemia

decrease of oxygen in blood

anemia

decrease of oxygen carrying capacity in blood

most common cause of cell injury?

hypoxia

causes of hypoxia include...

ischemia, altitude changes, anemia, hypoxemia, respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, edema

rank the 5 common pathogens from smallest to largest

viruses (0.02-0.3 um), bacteria (0.5-15 um), fungi (2-60 um), protozoa (1-60 um), worms (2 mm - 1 m)

what is the most common type of accumulation?

fluid and electrolyte accumulation

Which form of injury is more likely to kill a cell – acute or chronic?

Acute injury is more likely to kill a cell; chronic injury gives cells a prolonged time to figure out how to adapt