cell injury

hypoxia :: decrease of oxygen in body tissues/organs

hypoxemia :: decrease of oxygen in blood

what is the most common cause of cell injury? :: hypoxia

what can cause hypoxia? :: ischemia, altitude changes, anemia, hypoxemia, respiratory or cardiovascular disorders, edema

anemia :: decrease of oxygen carrying capacity in blood

free radicals :: highly reactive molecules with an unpaired electron

antioxidants :: chemicals that eliminate free radicals to minimize damage to cells

rank the 5 common pathogens from smallest to largest :: viruses (0.02-0.3 um), bacteria (0.5-15 um), fungi (2-60 um), protozoa (1-60 um), worms (2 mm - 1 m)

exotoxins :: proteins released from the bacteria while bacteria grows that damages the host

endotoxins :: usually sugar/lipid complexes in bacterial cell wall that are released when bacteria is killed, damaging host

accumulations :: buildup of material that the cell cannot use or eliminate

what is the most common type of accumulation? :: fluid and electrolyte accumulation