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who was John Deere?
invented the steel plow.
who was Cyrus McCormick?
invented the mechanical reaper.
who was Eli Whitney?
invented the cotton gin.
who was Samuel Morse?
invented the telegraph.
who was Frances Cabot Lowell?
an American industrialist who developed the Lowell system, a mill system that included looms that could both weave thread and spin cloth. he hired young women to live and work in his mill.
who was Nat Turner?
leader of a slave rebellion in 1831 in Virginia. revolt led to the deaths of 20 whites and 40 blacks and led to the “gag rule” outlawing any discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives.
who was John Brown?
an abolitionist who was hanged after leading an unsuccessful raid at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia (1800-1858).
who was Robert Fulton?
an American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship (1765-1815)
who was James Monroe?
the fifth president of the United States (1817-1825). his administration was marked by the acquisition of Florida (1819); the Missouri Compromise (1820), in which Missouri was declared a slave state; and the profession of the Monroe Doctrine (1823), declaring U.S. opposition to European interference in the Americas.
who was Andrew Jackson?
seventh president of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). as president, he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.
who was John Quincy Adams?
secretary of state, he served as the sixth president under Monroe. in 1819, he drew up the Adams-Onis Treaty in which Spain gave the United States Florida in exchange for the United States dropping its claims to Texas. the Monroe Doctrine was mostly Adams' work.
who was Henry Clay?
a Northern American politician. he developed the American system as well as negotiated numerous compromises.
who was Daniel Webster?
he was a representative and senator from New Hampshire and then Massachusetts in the U.S. Congress. he served twice as secretary of state and negotiated the Webster-Ashburton Treaty in 1842 which resolved a border dispute with Canada. he was noted for his speaking ability and his commitment to preserving the union of states.
what is a power loom?
the best variation of the flying shuttle, spinning Jenny, water frame, and spinning mule together.
what is a cotton gin?
a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793.
what was the national road?
the first highway built by the federal government. constructed during 1825-1850, it stretched from Pennsylvania to Illinois. it was a major overland shipping route and an important connection between the North and the West.
what was the Missouri Territory?
portion of the Louisiana Territory that applied for admission to the Union in 1819 as a slave state.
what was the Industrial Revolution?
a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.
what was the factory system?
a method of production that brought many workers and machines together into one building.
what was sectionalism?
loyalty to one’s own region of the country, rather than to the nation as a whole. in particular during this period, the North and Midwest vs the South.
what was the battle of new orleans and andrew jackson?
a battle during the war of 1812 where the British army attempted to take New Orleans. due to the foolish frontal attack, Jackson defeated them, which gave him an enormous popularity boost.
what was the spoils system?
a system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.
what was secession?
formal withdrawal of states or regions from a nation.
what are state’s rights?
the right of states to limit the power of the federal government.
what are tariffs?
taxes on imported goods.
what were the trail of tears?
(AJ), the Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. they traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas -more than 800 miles (1,287 km)- to the Indian Territory. more than 4,000 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
what was the indian territory?
an area covering most of present-day Oklahoma to which most Native Americans in the Southeast were forced to move in the 1830s.
what was the Indian removal act?
(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River.
what was Bleeding Kansas (1856)?
term that described the prairie territory where a small-scale civil war between abolitionists and pro-slavery border ruffians erupted in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
what was the free-soil party?
formed in 1847-1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired terrritories such as Oregon and ceded Mexic
what was the republican party (1854)?
organized in 1854 by antislavery Whigs, Democrats, and Free Soilers in response to the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act; nominated John C. Fremont for president in 1856 and Abraham Lincoln in 1860.
what was the Dred Scott decision?
supreme court ruling that declared slaves were not viewed as citizens but as property; also found the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional and said that Congress did not have the authority to limit slavery.
what was the compromise of 1850?
1.) California admitted as a free state 2.) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico 3.) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries 4.) slave trade abolished in DC 5.) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
what was the Mexican cession?
the historical name for the region of the President’s Day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U.S. by Mexico in 1848 under the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican American War. this massive land grab was significant because the question of extending slavery into newly acquired territories had become the leading national political issue.
who was Charles Sumner?
radical republican US Senator against slavery power who “insults” Andrew Butler in a speech about “Bleeding Kansas” and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks
what was the fugitive slave act?
made it a crime to help a runaway slave and allowed officials to arrest those slaves in free areas; allowed slave-hunters to seize alleged fugitive slaves without due process of law and prohibited anyone from aiding escaped fugitives or obstructing their recovery.
what was the Confederate States of America?
the nation formed by the Southern states when they seceded from the Union
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