Chapter 6: Voice Disorders

Hoarse

________- voice that is both harsh and breathy, irregular vocal fold vibrations.

Vocal folds

________ are abducted during a yawn and they are not fully adducted during a sigh.

Visi Pitch

________- provides objective data on a number of acoustic parameters.

Perceptual Assessment

________- clinician makes judgements regarding the pitch, volume, and quality of voice during a variety of tasks (sometimes recorded)

Contact ulcers

________ and the granulomas that develop at sites of ulceration arise at the vocal processes (on the vocal folds between the arytenoids cartilages)

Surgery

________ involves physically moving the affected vocal fold closer to midline so that the unaffected fold can contact it during phonation.

Voice therapy

________ to reduce vocal misuse /abuse, surgery.

Paresis

________- partial loss of the capacity to carry out a voluntary movement.

PE

Air is released and passes by the ________ segment and draws the walls of the esophagus into vibration, much like air passing through the true vocal cords.

human papillomavirus

The ________ can cause warts on the vocal folds.

Sessile ˈseˌsīl

________]- spread over a relatively large area of the vocal fold.

small balloons

Pedunculated- ________ connected to the vocal fold by a narrow foot.

Conversion Aphonia Dysphonia

________- patient reports change /loss of voice but medical examination fails to uncover an organic cause for the problem.

Tracheoesophageal Speech

________- air is routed from the lungs into the esophagus via a(n) ________ prosthesis.

Nodules

________ form in pairs at the point of maximum contact along the length of the vocal fold where the amplitude of vibration is greatest.

Edema

Swelling

Velum

Soft Pallet

Aphonia

Loss of Voice

Atrophy

Reduction in Tissue

Hyperfunction

Increased Muscle Activity

Hypofunction

Reduced Muscle Activity

A

total loss

Dys

abnormal

Hyper

over/excessive

Hypo

under/inadequate

Ad

to/toward

Ab

away from

Harsh

excessive muscle tension

Breathy

partial whisper

Hoarse

voice that is both harsh and breathy, irregular vocal fold vibrations

Speech Language Pathology

vocal folds in action

Nodules

calluses that develop on the vocal folds

Polyps

Blisters

Pedunculated

small balloons connected to the vocal fold by a narrow foot

Sessile [ˈseˌsīl] 

spread over a relatively large area of the vocal fold

Carcinoma

Cancer of the larynx

Paresis

partial loss of the capacity to carry out a voluntary movement

Paralysis

total loss of the capacity to carry out a voluntary movement

Paralysis Causes

Cranial nerve cut in surgery (usually vegas), Stroke

Adductor spasmodic dysphonia

strain-strangled voice quality, uncontrolled contractions of the adductor muscles

Abductor spasmodic dysphonia

causes inappropriate contraction of the laryngeal abduction muscles, periods of aphonia

Mixed spasmodic dysphonia

sudden abductions as well as sudden adductions

Dysphonia Treatment

Botox into the vocal folds

Conversion Aphonia/Dysphonia

patient reports change/loss of voice but medical examination fails to uncover an organic cause for the problem

Puberphonia

mutational falsetto involves the continued use of a high-pitched voice by a post pubertal male

Muscle Tension Dysphonia

caused by inordinate tension in the laryngeal muscles

Voice Evaluation Team

otolaryngologist, speech therapist

Voice Evaluation Interview

History (how voice disorder started, etc.)

Perceptual Assessment

clinician makes judgements regarding the pitch, volume, and quality of voice during a variety of tasks (sometimes recorded)

Stroboscopy

slow motion technique that allows the clinician to examine closely the movement characteristics of the vocal folds

Visi-Pitch

provides objective data on a number of acoustic parameters

Laryngectomy

removal of the larynx (cancer)

Esophageal Speech

air is actively injected down the esophagus past an area known as the pharyngeal-esophageal (PE) segment

Esophageal walls are much larger in mass

esophageal speech is much lower in pitch

Maintain good hydration

Drink 6-8 ounce glasses of water/day

Voice quality can be described as

harsh, breathy, hoarse