History Study Set

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ACTION: **1935-1936 Germany Remilitarizes**

Hitler announced the formation of a German airforce and compulsory military service.  In 1936, he sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region on the border with France.  These actions challenged the Treaty of Versailles.

REACTION: The League of Nations lodged a formal protest against these actions, but refused to consider sanctions against Germany.

ACTION: **1935 Italy invades Ethiopia** 

The Italian Army, under Mussolini, invaded Ethiopia. The Ethiopian forces could not stop the invasion, and Italy annexed the country in 1936. Hitler and Mussolini soon formed a treaty of friendship known as the Rome-Berlin Axis.

Ethiopia appealed to the League of Nations for help. The League voted to impose economic sanctions against Italy, including an oil embargo. The United States was asked to join the oil embargo against Italy, but Roosevelt refused to do so.

ACTION: **1936 to 1939 Germany and Italy Aid Nationalists in the Spanish Civil War**

Italy and Germany backed a military rebellion in Spain led by General Francisco Franco. They provided the Nationalists with supplies, weapons, and troops. The Nationalists eventually overthrew Spain's Democratic Republic and set up a right-wing, fascist dictatorship.

REACTION: Although some volunteers, including 3000 Americans, fought against the Nationalists, only the Soviet Union officially aided the Republicans in the Civil War. The US Congress passed Neutrality Acts in 1936 and 1937, which kept the United States out of the conflict.

ACTION: **1937 Japanese troops Massacre civilians in Nanjing** 

The Japanese Army captured the city of Nanjing. Japanese soldiers went on a six-week rampage, killing approximately 300,000 Chinese civilians and raping about 20,000 Chinese women.

REACTION: Roosevelt made a speech calling for a quarantine against aggressor nations like Japan. However, the speech had little effect, as Japan invaded French Indochina, Formosa, Korea, large areas of China, and several small Pacific Islands.

ACTION:  **1938 German and Anschluss (union) with Austria**

 Hitler pressured the Austrian government to join with Germany. In March, Hitler's Army crossed the border without opposition. Hitler declared a political union, or Anschluss, between the two countries.

REACTION: Britain and France were passive spectators as Germany expanded into Austria.

ACTION: **1939 Germany invades Czechoslovakia** 

In the Munich Pact, Hitler acquired the Czech region of the Sudetenland and promised it would be his last territorial demand. (MUNICH PACT IS THE POLICY OF APPEASEMENT!) However, in March 1939, he broke the pact and invaded the rest of Czechoslovakia.

 Britain and France were angered over Hitler's breaking of the Munich Pact and declared that any further attacks by Germany on small states would trigger war.

ACTION: **1939 Germany attacks Poland** 

Germany signed a nonaggression pact with the USSR, which freed German forces to invade Poland. Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack so quickly that Polish forces were not able to mobilize. Soviet forces also invaded from the east, and Poland fell quickly.

REACTION: France and Britain followed through with their original announcement and declared war on Germany. However, they were not able to do anything to stop the invasion and takeover of Poland.

ACTION: **1940 Germany invades Low Countries and France** 

Hitler moved troops to Germany's Western borders. He attacked and captured the low countries and invaded France, trapping French and British troops along the coast. Italy declared war on Britain and France.

REACTION:  Britain sent every boat possible to evacuate the trapped British and French forces. France surrendered to Germany. Germany occupied most of France. Southeast France was controlled by a puppet government.

ACTION: **1940 Germany Attacks Britain (Battle of Britain)**

 German planes flew raids against British ports, airfields, and industries. Later, the bombing raid targets were shifted to large cities like London.

REACTION: British fighter pilots successfully shot down more than 600 German aircraft during the Battle of Britain. British citizens withstood the bombing raids. The raids diminished as Germany was unable to replace the lost aircraft. The United States began sending aid to Britain under the Lend-Lease Act.

ACTION: **1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor**

 300 Japanese bombers and fighter planes attacked the US military base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. They crippled the US Pacific Fleet, sinking or damaging 18 ships and destroying or damaging 300 aircraft.

REACTION:

The next day, President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan.

Capitalism

Everything is privately owned by individuals

Socialism

Where there is a state ownership of property

Communism

Where there is a community ownership of prosperity/everyone owns everything

Facism

Essentially one person holds the power and it is often accompanied by nationalistic, racist attitudes

Germany felt disrespected by the Treaty of Versailles (because they had to take blame, pay massive debt, shrink military and disarm rhineland, all oppressive they felt) so they simply rebelled and militarized where they weren’t supposed to. The League of Nations did ---.

nothing,

Tired from WWI France and Britain tried to --- Germany with the ----

appease, Munich Agreement of 1938 to try and buy time and peace to prep for war

France and Great Britain gave the ---

Sudentendland of Czechoslovakia

Hitler had a philosophy/ideaology of ---

“lebenshraum” or living space for Germany

March 1939: --

Sept 1939: --

Germany occupied the whole Czech

Germany invaded Poland, causing the allies, France and Britain to step in

**Prime Mininster of England / Chamberlain** ---

believed in appeasement for the sake of buying time to build up his army to fight.

“ Our past experience has shown us only too clearly that weakness in armed strength means weakness in diplomacy, and if we want to secure a lasting peace, I realize that diplomacy cannot be effective unless . . . behind the diplomacy is the strength to give effect.” was said by who?

**Prime Mininster of England / Chamberlain**

**Outspoken Rep of War / Winston Churchill ---**

he believed that they should stop feeding Hitler course by course and put up a unified display of force to preserve themselves

“the accumulation of deterrents against the aggressor” was said by who?

**Outspoken Rep of War / Winston Churchill**

Who predicted the Czech would become engulfed by Germany and got promoted because he ended up being right?

**Outspoken Rep of War / Winston Churchill**

Vernon Barlet was with …

Churchill

Henry Hannon . . .

saw it as a military loss

Lord Halifax . . .

was with Chamberlain

US entry to WW2 was due to …

Japan’s attack on Pearl Harbor where their US fleet was stationed

Japan’s aims/goals for the attack were

* get the US out of the way by weakening fighting forces and taking away their stepping stones (to east asia where they aslo wanted, like the phillipines) so that they could be free to imperialize east china and the pacific and gain the resources they needed
* rebel against the US for treating them as secondary, especially with the right to imperialize
* show them they were just as important as the European nations (Hitler) they were focusing on
* make them feel insecure the same way they did when they got sanctioned post their china invasion of oil, steel and scrap iron, which really damaged their military equipment and infrastructure, all of which they relied on as an island
* strengthen their military by using their new territories as ports for boats and planes
* they had nothing to lose after being seen as lower and losing trade
* to prove they could keep up with the west and not be third-world

The US still didn’t get involved after the invasion on China (their ally) by Japan because . . .

they were focused on dealing with the threat that Hitler imposed

was the attack on Pearl Harbor completely unpredictable?

no, as people just dismissed planes they saw and the radars also were not manned enough

the results of the pearl harbor attack?

thousands dead, battleships damaged and the USS arizona, west virgina and oklahoma destroyed, aircrafts too

who said  “day that will live in infamy”

FDR

With planes and men crews, the US --, aiming to hit ---. They landed in --, all in all hoping to --.

conducted the Doolittle raid on Tokyo, Japan, factories and military targets, china, boost US spirit and hit Japan in the capital

America’s mass production of goods proved to be very useful in --. This is because it allowed them to -- and utilize --.

winning the war, hold up longer, larger numbers of soliders

the -- both helped to strengthen allies to help ensure a US victory

cash and carry of 1939 and the lend and lease act of 1941

What was cash and carry of 1939

allowed allies to purchase weapons manufactured and shipped from the US while still remaining neutral, making lots of money for the US

What was the lend and lease act of 1941

the lend and lease act of 1941 made it signed into law that the US could provide supplies to countries vital for America’s defense

People were eager to work again after the --. -- worked while -- were at daycare, and fathers at ---.

Great depression, women, children, war

People gathered in --, working in the most dire conditions for the war effort, all in all raising US --.

production towns, spirit

Workers were better -- to prevent production from going down due to --.

housed, illness

Economic effect of WWII were . . .

a booming economy and the repurposing of buildings/factories for the war effort

The US became the -- producing --.

\#1 industrial power, everything in the highest quantities

The US had -- on it’s side.

manpower

The League of Nations was of . . .

France, Great Britain, Italy and Japan

Germany felt Japan’s earlier china invasion --.

started the war technically

Rationing was a way --

Americans supported the war effort

Scarce goods were -- with a -- system. The --- helped with this.

rationed, point, office of price administration

A price ceiling established a -- to which you could buy something

limit

People used -- --- to make use of what they had.

wartime recipes

\-- were highlyyy rationed

sugar and fuel

\-- was highly rationed and caused there to be no -- car produced in -- .

Steel, ford, 1942

Eggs and other good were not -- because not as scarce or demand was no as high

rationed

\-- helped to lift the popularity of rationing

propaganda

The --- helped factories to produce war goods

War Production Board

\-- foods like -- and -- were highly rationed so that there was more to give to soldiers overseas.

canned, sugar, syrup

\-- foods that could not be shipped effectively to soldiers was not highly rationed, like -- for example.

un-canned, ground beed

\-- -- ended the Great Depression.

wartime production

\-- women working to make armaments were symbolized by --, a strong, capable looking woman.

six million, Rosie the Riveter

\-- began to earn equal pay to men during the war effort and people like -- then found the confidence to speak up about social justice since they were now of value. Her work was seen in the atrocities in mental asylums.

women, Nellie Bly

Women often worked in -- and --.

factories, assembly lines

Propaganda --.

Political cartoons --.

has the objective of persuading people to do something useful with the use of tools (focused)

has the objective of conveying messages (general)

Eliminating dissent, raising support for home-front organizations, and financing the war effort were --

objectives of propaganda

Demonization, half lie half truths, and emotional appeal (often to fear), and patriotic appeals (supporting love of country) are all --

tools used to meet objective of propaganda

The Schenk vs. US trial decided that . . .

citizens could not speak out against the draft for soldiers and the first amendment that assured freedom of speech could be nullified in this scenario

The Schenk vs. US trial upheld the . . .

Espionage Act of 1917, could cause you to be punished for speaking out against the government

The Schenk vs. US trial did not grant the . . .

Freedom of speech (FDR’s 4 freedoms to fight for in WWI)

Rationing did not permit . . .

freedom from want

Nuremberg laws in Germany did not permit . . .

freedom of worship

FDR’s words/four freedoms were ironic, because there were separate minority groups, --in the US. -- was struggling with justice too, just like Europe in that aspect in a sense

“separate but equal” , The US

At home, women took -- jobs so men could fight

many

At home, women gained --

rights and independence

Women got -- this time for helping the war effort

credit

Each military branch had a --

women’s branch

At war, 3 million women volunteered with the --

red cross

At war, women did a lot of -- with the armed forces like the waves of the navy

administrative and clerical work

At war, women could not fight in -- zones

combat

African Americans had --

segregated units 

Double V stood for --

victory abroad, victory at home too

African Americans experienced -- in the workplace

discrimination

African Americans fought for rights with the -- and the --

double v campaign, march on washington

Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to -- in the nation's defense industry

prohibit ethnic or racial discrimination

At war, segregated units with -- commanders were a thing

white

The Tuskgee Airmen were . . .

the first military AA pilots

The Bosero program . . .

brought in ppl from latin america to farm while the was an american shortage

With the draft of young men into the U.S. Army and Navy, and with the cities enticing rural people to higher paying industrial jobs, --

there was a shortage of farmworker

Tension between --

americans and mexicans because of zoot suits

Zoot suits were being discriminated against bc ppl complained they used--, fabric needed for the -- ppl said

too much fabric, war effort

Zoot suits sparked --

riots and tension like in LA

People who wore zoot suits did not give people . . .

freedom from want, to express themselves

At war, many mexican americans joined the -- during the 1930s and served on the --

national guard, front lines

The Navajo code talkers were --

sheepherders and farmers that had an ingenious code that could never be broken during wwi, when the best cryptographers were falling short

At home, japanese americans faced extensive discrimination after the --

attack on pearl harbor

They lost -- and were moved into --

a lot of property, relocation camps

Japanese americans were initially not -- into the military

permitted

Japanese people still --, even through discrimination.

served

Japanese Americans were put into internment camps, and --

initially were not allowed to serve though

They just need -- for the war effort, which is why they allowed the Japanese to serve

man power/people