1960s terms and definitons MUSH

mr pope 9th

Reapportionment

The way in which states draw up political districts based on changes in population.

due process

The law may not treat individuals unfairly, arbitrarily, or unreasonably and ,must follow procedure

Peace Corps

organization that sent american to support undeveloped nations with humanitarian deeds

VISTA

"Volunteers in Service of America" they were the domestic peace corps

Head start

a preschool program for children from low-income families that also provides healthcare, nutrition services, and social services

John F. Kennedy

1st catholic president who claimed US lagged behind soviets in missiles. assasinated.

richard nixon

republican who ran against kennedy ("democratic polices\=inflation")

the new frontier

Kennedy's legislative agenda

Eunice Kennedy Shriver

kennedy's sister who founded special olympics

Earl Warren

Chief Justice who altered/expanded voting process and reinterpreted the first amendment

john glenn

1st American to orbit Earth

Apollo spacecraft

first spacecraft on the moon- Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins

neil armstrong

First man on the moon

fidel castro

Communist leader of Cuba who overthrew Fulgencio Batista

la brigada

CIA secretly trained and armed Cuban exiles

Lee Harvey Oswald

(accused of ) Assassinated JFK

Lyndon B. Johnson

took office after JFK was assasinated

Economic Opportunity Act

attacked inadequate public services, illiteracy, and unemployment

medicare

established health insurance for all senior citizens financed through social security.

Medicaid

provided health and medical assistance to low income families funded through FEDERAL aid

Separate but equal

racially segregated but ensuring equal opportunities to all races.

de facto segregation

segregated by custom and tradition

Turgood Marshall

NAACP's chief counsel + director of legal defense and education fund

linda brown

denied admission to her neighborhood school in Topeka, Kansas, because of her race

SCLC

Southern Christian Leadership Conference, eliminate and encourage voters

freeedom riders

black and white volunteers (collegue students) that traveled to te south to draw attention to the buses for refusal to integrate.

Filibuster

occurs when a small group of senators take turns speaking and refuse to stop the debate and allow vote for bill

cloture

filibster stops if 60 senators vote for this

rasicm

prejudices and/or discrimination someone because of their race

Jackie Robinson

first African American to play in Major League Baseball

rosa parks

refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery and triggered the national civil rights movement

Plessy vs. Ferguson

"separate but equal" doctrine supreme court upheld the constitutionally of jim crow laws

Jim crow laws

Laws designed to enforce segregation of black and white people. Literacy tests, grandfather clauses and poll taxes limited black voting rights

james farmer

civil rights leader who founded CORE

CORE

Congress of Racial Equality" used sit-in protests which integrated public places

brown vs. BOE

segregation in public schools is unconstitutional- (Linda Brown vs. Tobena school board)

Southern Manifesto

Opposition of Southern congressmen to Brown v. Board of Education decision

Martin Luther King Jr.

26 yr old pastor to lead civil rights movement

civil rights act of 1957

created civil rights division and investigated allegations

SNCC

Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee

Robert Moses

began voter education project

fannie lou hammer

was SNCC organizer-arrested and beat for encouraging black people to vote

robert kennedy

head of justice department, help black people to vote

James Meredith

Black air force veteran applying to Mississippi

medgar evers

Director of the NAACP in Mississippi and a lawyer who defended accused Black people, he was murdered by a member of the Ku Klux Klan.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Gave the federal government a strong legal tool to prevent job discrimination; paved the way for equal employment opportunity

EEOC

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission monitors ban on job discrimination

Voting Rights Act of 1965

authorized by U.S. attorney general to send federal examiners to register qualified votes

watts riot of 1965

$45 million in damage, 34 killed, 900 wounded

detroit riot of 1967

Between 1965-1968, 43 deaths, 1000 wounded, damage cost $250 million

Kerner Commision

National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders who investigated the causes of race riots in American cities in the 1960s

Malcolm X

'Malcolm Little' became member of nation of Islam assassinated in 1965

nation of islam

they stressed black nationalism and self defense not violence

Black Panther Party

preached black power, nationalism and economic self efficiency