Nervous System

Amygdala

- understand and remember emotional situations, recognize emotional expressions in others.

Ventral nerve cords

have ganglia in each segment.

Brain

has two halves or hemispheres with four lobes each.

nervous system

All animals have a(n) except for sponges.

Nerve cords

extend length of animal connected by transverse nerves.

Sensory neurons

detect internal body conditions.

PNS

: all neurons that are outside of the CNS.

Hippocampus

- establish memories for spatial locations, facts, and sequences of events.

Somatic

nervous system: primary function to sense external environment and control skeletal muscles.

Corpus callosum

: connects the cerebral hemispheres.

Autonomic nervous system

: regulates homeostasis and organ function.

Interneurons

or Association Neurons: form interconnections between other neurons.

Pineal gland

produces melatonin.

cardiovascular function

Controls heart rate, breathing, , digestion, swallowing, and vomiting.

Motor neurons

control skeletal muscles.

Temporal lobe

: language, hearing, and some types of memory.

Neurons

connect to each other in a network.

Sensory neurons

receive stimuli- heat, vision, smell, taste, hearing, touch- and transmit to CNS.

Sensory Neurons

: detect information from the outside world or internal body conditions.

Trend toward cephalization

increasingly complex brain in the head

Insects

Drosophila

Well

developed brain with subdivisions

CNS

brain and nerve cord

PNS

all neurons that are outside of the CNS

Somatic nervous system

primary function to sense external environment and control skeletal muscles

Autonomic nervous system

regulates homeostasis and organ function

Involuntary

usually cannot be consciously controlled

Brainstem

medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain

Frontal lobe

conscious thought and social awareness

Parietal lobe

receives and interprets sensory input from visual pathways and somatic pathways

Occipital lobe

vision and color recognition

Temporal lobe

language, hearing, and some types of memory

Corpus callosum

connects the cerebral hemispheres

Left hemisphere

understanding language and producing speech

Right hemisphere

nonverbal memories, recognizing faces

amygdala

understand and remember emotional situations, recognize emotional expressions in others

hippocampus

establish memories for spatial locations, facts, and sequences of events

Sensory Neurons

detect information from the outside world or internal body conditions

Afferent neurons

transmit to CNS

Motor Neurons

send signals away from CNS (efferent neurons) to elicit response

Interneurons or Association Neurons

form interconnections between other neurons