IB SL Physics Semester One

distance: symbol, units, s/v

d, meters (m), scalar

displacement: symbol, units, s/v

s, m @ theta, vector

time: symbol, units, s/v

t, seconds (s), scalar

speed: symbol, units, s/v, equation

v, m/s, scalar, v=d/t

velocity: symbol, units, s/v, equation

v, m/s @ theta, vector, v=s/t

acceleration: symbol, units, s/v, equation

a, m/s^2 @ theta, vector, a=(v-u)/t

jerk: symbol, units, s/v, equation

j, m/s^3 @ theta, vector, j=(af-ai)/t

initial velocity: symbol, units, s/v

u, m/s @ theta, vector

final velocity: symbol, units, s/v

v, m/s @ theta, vector

velocity over the total time

average velocity

velocity at a specific time

instantaneous velocity

unchanging velocity

uniform velocity

an object influenced by gravity only

projectile

Newton’s First Law: the law of ______

inertia

(Newton’s First Law) _______ is dependant on ___

inertia mass

Newton’s Second Law: the law of

acceleration

(Newton’s Second Law) equation:

F=ma

Newton’s Third Law: the law of

force pair

(Newton’s Third Law): statement

for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

two types of friction: _____ ______, ______

kinetic (dynamic) static

F_N = _______ Force

normal

force 90° to the surface an object is on

normal force

F_g = _

R (reactionary force)

how to find reactionary force (R)

mass * gravity

F_NET = ____ force

net

the sum of all forces is ____ force

net

translational equilibrium: what is equal to zero?

net force

study the equations for inclined planes!!

okay

for a ________ use the equation

a=(fg2-fg1)/(m1+m2)

or a=f__/__

pulley net a

energy

the ability to do work or cause change

work

force * displacement, measured in Joules

Joules

N*m = kgm²/s²

Kinetic

energy of motion (.5mu²)

potential

energy due to position or composition (chemical, gravitational, elastic, electric, nuclear, magnetic)

both

internal or mechanical energy

power

energy/time = J/s = Watt (W)

Hooke’s Law

F=-kx

Energy final

energy initial is always equal to

efficiency

useful energy/total energy = useful power/total power = 34% KE

combustion engine

CPE; KEf +TEf + sound

dam energy conversions

GPEw →KEw→KEt→EE (electrical energy)

momentum

mass in motion

m*v

p (momentum) =

impulse

an object’s change in momentum

Ft

J (impulse) =

conserved

momentum is __________ in every collision

inelastic collision

KE is not conserved (real life collisions)

elastic collision

KE is conserved

temperature

a measure related to average kinetic energy

kelvin fahrenheit celsius

the three measures of temperature

heat

the transfer of energy from high temperature to low temperature

interal energy

total potential energy + random kinetic energy

mole

quantity = 6.02 × 10²³

Avogadro’s constant

the number of particle in a mole (6.02 × 10²³)

molar mass

the grams in a mole of particles

fusion

Latent heat of __________ : solid to liquid

vaporization

latent heat of ___________: liquid to gas

latent heat (J/Kg)

change in Potential energy (change in state)

specific heat (J/(kg * °C))

change in temperature

Q=mL

latent heat uses which equation

Q=mc△t

specific heat uses which equation

greater than

latent heat of vaporization is [greater than/less than] latent heat of fusion

less than less than

specific heat of a liquid is [greater than/less than] specific heat of a solid is [greater than/less than] specific heat of gas

pressure (P)

Force (N)/Area (m²) = pascal (pa)

pascal (pa)

pressure is measured in a

Volume (V)

space it takes up (m³)

moles (n)

amount of gas

pressure temperature volume moles

the four gas laws are

a constant

in the ideal gas law equation (PV=nRT), R is

direct

Temperature (T) and Pressure (P) have a _________ relationship

direct

Temperature (T) and Volume (V) have a _________ relationship

inverse

Volume (V) and Pressure (P) have a _________ relationship

waves

a propagation of energy from one position to another

mechanical

_________ waves: need a medium

electromagnetic

_________ waves: don’t need a medium

gamma xray ultraviolet visible infared micro radio

order the types of electromagnetic waves from high energy to low energy

gamma xray ultraviolet visible infared micro radio

order the types of electromagnetic waves from high frequency to low frequency

gamma xray ultraviolet visible infared micro radio

order the types of electromagnetic waves from low wavelength to high wavelength

high low high

gamma has [high/low] energy, [high/low] wavelength, and [high/low] frequency

low high low

radio has [high/low] energy, [high/low] wavelength, and [high/low] frequency

transverse compressional

the two types of mechanical waves are _________ and __________

period (T)

time it takes for the wave to repeat (seconds/wave)

seconds/wave

period (T) is measured in

Frequency (f)

waves per unit time (waves/second = Hertz (Hz))

waves/second = Hertz (Hz)

Frequency (f)is measured in

meters/second

Speed (v) is measured in

Speed (v)

wavelength x frequency = wavelength/period

c

speed of light in a vacuum (3.0×10^8 m/s)

refraction

when light (or any wave) bends due to a change in media

n

index of refraction

Snell’s law

sinθ₁/sinθ₂ = n₂/n₁ = v₁/v₂

critical angle

angle at which 0 refraction occurs

diffraction

waves spread as they pass through an aperture or around objects

s

in the s = wavelength x D/d equation, the fringe width

d

in the s = wavelength x D/d equation, the slit distance

D

in the s = wavelength x D/d equation, the distance from slit to screen

standing

a ___________ wave has nodes and antinodes; two waves that are exactly the same travel in opposite directions

travelling

a ___________ wave has a consistent amplitude and goes to infinity

antiphase

exact opposite wave = π

π

quantity of antiphase