Unit 3 Pre Ap biology

What are bio molecules?

Organic molecules essential for life, including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Lipids

Essential macromolecules that store energy, provide insulation, and form cellular membranes.

Triglycerides

The main form of stored energy in the body, providing long-term energy reserves.

Phospholipids

Essential components of cell membranes, creating a bilayer structure that regulates substance movement.

Cholesterol

A lipid necessary for synthesizing steroid hormones and stabilizing cell membranes.

Proteins

Polymers of amino acids that function in various roles including enzymatic, structural, and signaling.

Carbohydrates

Macronutrients acting as energy sources and structural components for living organisms.

Nucleic Acids

Biomolecules such as DNA and RNA that store and transmit genetic information.

Monomers

The basic building blocks of macromolecules that join together to form polymers.

Polymers

Large molecules made up of repeating units (monomers) that contribute to the structure and function of macromolecules.

Enzymes

Proteins that act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)

The main energy carrier in cells, involved in energy transfer during biochemical processes.

Active Transport

The movement of molecules across a cell membrane against their concentration gradient using ATP.

Diffusion

The process by which molecules move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Cohesion

The attraction between water molecules, aiding in water transport in plants.

Adhesion

The attraction between water molecules and other substances, assisting in nutrient transport in plants.

Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in glucose, producing oxygen.

Cellular Respiration

The process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of stable internal conditions in a cell or organism.

Substrate

The molecule upon which an enzyme acts.

Hydrolysis of ATP

The reaction that releases energy by converting ATP to ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Vacuole

A membrane-bound organelle that stores nutrients and waste products and maintains turgor pressure in plant cells.

Glycogen

The storage form of glucose in animals, providing a quick energy source.

Cell Membrane

A selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell.

Mitochondria

The powerhouse of the cell, responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration.

Chloroplast

An organelle in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Ribosomes

Cellular structures that synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.