Physics and Chemistry Equations Flashcards

A collection of physics and chemistry equations formatted as flashcards for study and review.

Distance without Acceleration (Kinematics 1)

d = ½ (v_i +v_f)t

Final Velocity (Kinematics 2)

v_f = v_i + at.

Displacement (Kinematics 3)

d = v_it + (1/2)at^2.

Final Velocity Squared (Kinematics 4)

v_f² = v_i² + 2a(d).

Centripetal Acceleration

a_c = v²/r

Centripetal Force

F_c = mv²/r

Initial Velocity in the X Direction (Projectiles)

v_x = v_i · cos(θ)

Initial Velocity in the Y Direction (Projectiles)

v_y = v_i · sin(θ)

Force

F = ma

Newton's 3rd Law of Motion

States that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

Force of Friction

F_f = μN

Force of Gravity Between Two Masses

F = G(m₁·m₂)/r² (G is the gravitational constant)

Force of Gravity (Weight)

F = mg

Torque

τ = Fd sin(θ)

Work

W = F d cos(θ) or W=mgd cos(θ)

Power

P = W/t

Kinetic Energy

KE = (1/2)mv²

Potential Energy (Gravitational)

PE = mgh

Elastic Potential Energy

PE = (1/2)kx²

Ideal Gas Law

PV = nRT

Molarity

M = mol / L

pH

pH = -log[H+]

Heat Released or Absorbed

Q = mCΔT.

Henderson–Hasselbalch equation

pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]).

Frequency

f = 1/T

Snell's Law

n₁sin(θ₁) = n₂sin(θ₂)

Light Energy

E = hf and E=hc/λ

Intensity of Sound

I = P/A, where P is the power and A is the area.

Resistance

R = ρ(L/A), where ρ is resistivity, L is length, and A is cross-sectional area.

Current

I = Q/t

Voltage (Ohm’s Law)

V = IR

Capacitance

C = Q/V

Electric Field Strength

E = V/d, where V is voltage and d is distance.

Magnetic Force on Moving Charge

F = qvBsin(θ), where q is charge, v is velocity, and B is magnetic field.

Electric Potential Energy

U = k (q₁•q₂)/r

Density

ρ = m/V, where m is mass and V is volume.

Pressure

P = F/A

Buoyant Force

Fb = ρgV

Total Resistance in Series

R = R₁ + R₂ + …

Total Resistance in Parallel

1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂ + …

Total Capacitance in Series

1/C = 1/C₁ + 1/C₂ + …

Total Capacitance in Parallel

C = C₁ + C₂ + …

Faraday's Constant

96485 C/mol.

Avogadro's Number

Is 6.022 x 10²³ particles/mol

Gas Constant (R)

Is 8.314 J/(mol·K) or 0.0821 L·atm/(K·mol).

Planck's Constant (h)

6.626 x 10^-34 J·s.

Speed of Light

3.00 x 10⁸ m/s.

Units of Newton

kg·m/s².

Units of Joule

kg·m²/s²

Units of Pascal

N/m²

Units of Volt

J/C

Units of Ohm

V/A

Units of Ampere

C/s

Units of Farad

C/V

Units of Watt

J/s

Arrhenius Equation

k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), where k is the rate constant, A is the frequency factor, Ea is the activation energy, R is the gas constant, and T is temp

Hooke's Law

F = -kx

Work Curve

W=PΔV

First Law of Thermodynamics

ΔU= Q - W (ΔU is the change in internal energy, Q is the heat added to the system, and W is the work done by the system)

Universal Gravitational Constant (G)

G= 6.67 × 10^-11 N·m²/kg²

Density of Water

1 g/cm³ = 1 g/mL = 1000kg/m³

Coulomb’s Constant (k)

k=9×10^9 N•m²/C²

Boltzmann Constant (k_b)

1.38 × 10^-23 J/K

Hydrostatic Pressure

P = ρgh

Absolute Pressure

P_abs = P_atm + ρgh (P_atm = 1 atm)

Percentage of Object Submerged

ρobject / ρfluid

Pascal’s Law (P)

P = F₁/A₁ = F₂/A₂

Pascal’s Law (W)

W = F₁d₁ = F₂d₂

Poiseuille’s Law (Flow Rate)

Q = (πr⁴∆P)/(8ηL)

Bernoulli’s Law

P + 1/2ρv² + ρgh

Continuity Equation

A₁v₁=A₂v₂

Coulomb’s Law

F = kq₁q₂/r²

Power (Circuits)

P = IV = I²R =V²/R

Decibel Level

dB =10log (I/I₀)

Standing Wave (Open at both ends)

λ = 2L / n

Standing Wave (Closed at both ends)

λ =4L / n (where n is an odd integer)

Thin Lens Equation

1/f = 1/d_o + 1/ d_i

Magnification

m = -d_i /d_o

Power of a Lens

P= 1/f

Michaelis-Menten Kinetics

v = v_max [S] / K_m + [S]

Gibbs Free Energy

ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Gibbs Free Energy Products v Reactants)

ΔG_rxn = ΔG_prod + ΔG_rctn

Gibbs Free Energy of a Reaction at Equilibrium

ΔG^o_rxn = -RTlnK_eq

Vmax

Vmax=Kcat [E]