Unit 4 Concept 3

overall function of the respiratory system

creates gas exchange that supplies body with O2 and gets rid of CO2; oxygen enters from nose to lungs to blood stream to heart then to supply organs with oxygen and nutrients

how respiratory system works to accomplish its function with the cardiovascular system

works with cardiovascular system by providing blood with oxygen and creating cellular respiration.

conducting zone role and structures

warms and filters the air that travels through the body; air enters nose to nasal cavity to larynx and pharynx, air travels down trachea into lungs, then branched off to bronchi to bronchioles to alveoli

respiratory zone role and structures

when gas exchange occurs in the alveoli, alveolar ducts and the bronchioles

structure and organization of right lung

3 lobes: superior, middle and inferior

structure and organization of left lung

2 lobes (superior and inferior. It only has two lobes because it needs to make space for the heart.

bronchi inside lungs

trachea is connected to larynx, trachea branches out and splits to the left and right bronchus, from there the bronchi start to split into smaller branches, smaller they get closer to bronchioles and alveoli

Pathway air takes to enter the body and make its way to the alveoli.

air enters nose -> passes to nasal cavity -> air moves to pharynx -> air goes down trachea -> air is sent to left and right primary bronchi -> enters lungs through lobar secondary bronchi -> sent again to segmental tertiary bronchi -> makes its way to bronchioles and alveoli

Air Pathway to Alveoli #1 Step

air enters nose

Air Pathway to Alveoli #2 Step

passes to nasal cavity

Air Pathway to Alveoli #3 Step

air moves to pharynx

Air Pathway to Alveoli #4 Step

air goes down trachea

Air Pathway to Alveoli #5 Step

air is sent to left and right primary bronchi

Air Pathway to Alveoli #6 Step

enters lungs through lobar secondary bronchi

Air Pathway to Alveoli #7 Step

sent again to segmental tertiary bronchi

Air Pathway to Alveoli #8 Step

makes its way to bronchioles and alveoli

Picture of the alveolar sacs and alveoli.

process of gas exchange in the lungs and in our tissues

Oxygen is exchanged for a waste gas called carbon dioxide. Bloodstream carries this waste gas back to lungs where it is removed from bloodstream and then exhaled.

process of gas exchange in our tissues

• takes place between blood and alveoli in lungs

• then between blood and tissue cells all around body through simple diffusion

• gasses cross membranes at alveolar-capillary membrane in lungs, where oxygen enters and carbon dioxide exits the bloodstream

Role of Diaphragm

a muscle that moves lungs, it causes volume and pressure change

(Inspiration) Diaphragm contracts when we inhale…

so volume in lungs expands.

(Expiration) Diaphragm relaxes when we exhale…

so lungs return to their normal size.

Explain the relationship between volume, pressure, and air flow.

When we inhale lungs expand, causing volume change. Body pressure changes because it allows air in. Then inspiration occurs, meaning air enters lungs.

Inspiration

When air enters lungs. Muscles contract, making diaphragm lower and lungs expand. Thoracic cavity increases volume.

Expiration

Air exits lungs when muscles relax. Diaphragm rises. Lung volume and thoracic cavity volume decrease.

Explain why, on a cellular level, we need to be able to breath to maintain homeostasis.

lungs don’t receive oxygen; cardiovascular system needs oxygen to flow through cells and initiate cellular respiration without oxygenated blood there is no proper blood flow and no nutrients

Pleurae

serous membranes that form an envelope between lungs and chest wall

Bronchioles

smallest branches of bronchi

Gas exchange

process of obtaining oxygen from environment and releasing CO2

Cellular respiration

process that releases energy from food in presence of oxygen

Diffusion

spread of a feature/trend from one place to another over time

Bulk flow

movement of a fluid driven by pressure

Lung Capacity

amount of air the lungs can hold

Tidal volume

volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort

Inspiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation

Expiratory reserve volume

amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation

Residual volume

amount of air remaining in lungs after a forced exhalation

Vital capacity

total amount of exchangeable air

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Trachea

allow passage of inspired and expired air into and out of the lung

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Larynx

protect the lower respiratory tract from aspirating food into the trachea while breathing

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Lung

transport oxygen and remove extra carbon dioxide

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Pharynx

a passageway for air to enter the larynx and lungs and food and liquid to enter the esophagus

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Bronchus

carry air to and from the lungs

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Nose/Nasal Cavity

warm, moisturize, and filter air entering the body before it reaches the lungs

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Bronchiole

carry air into your lungs

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Mouth

brings air into the lungs

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Alveoli

allows gas exchange

(Structure of the Respiratory System) Upper Respiratory Tract

route for air to move between the outside atmosphere and the lungs; also clean, humidity, and warm the incoming air.