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AP US Government Unit 5 Vocab A
15th Amendment
Cannot deny suffrage based on race; universal male suffrage
17th Amendment
Direct election of Senators; replaced old system of state legislatures choosing Senators
19th Amendment
Cannot deny suffrage based on sex; Women can vote
24th Amendment
Elimination of poll taxes; passed during Civil Rights Movement to eliminate structural barriers for black voters
26th Amendment
Lowers voting age to 18 in all states
Rational Choice Voting
When voters make decisions based on their own personal benefit and a rational evaluation of candidates' policies
Retrospective Voting
Voting based on the recent performance of a candidate or political party
Prospective Voting
Voting based on predictions of how a candidate will perform in the future
Straight-Ticket (Party-Line) Voting
Voting strictly according to one’s political party affiliation, regardless of individual candidate positions
Efficacy
The belief that one’s vote or political actions can make a difference; higher amounts of this generally lead to higher voter turnout
Voter Turnout
The percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot
Informal Barriers to Voting
Systems that prevent people from voting that are not codified by law
Formal/Structural Barrier to Voting
Systems that prevent people from voting that are codified by law
Midterm Election
Occur halfway through a president's term and often have lower voter
Presidential Election
Have the highest voter turnout and determine; happen on multiples of 4 (04, 08, 12, etc.)
Note 
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