Final

A chemical agent that can dissolve lipids can damage \n

b.) cells and enveloped viruses

Vaporized hydrogen peroxide is used to

decontaminate large research spaces

The reactions of fermentation function to produce ______ molecules for use in glycolysis (EMP).

d.) NAD+

During phage replication, the capsid layer never enters the host bacterial cell. True or False

True

Which of the following statements is true regarding the Ames Test?

a.) this test is used to prove that a suspected chemical is potentially carcinogenic

A technique used to indirectly select for a mutant strain of bacteria would be

replica plating

Which of the following binds to the 30S subunit of the ribosome?

Aminoglycosides

The inducer molecule for the lac operon is____________.

allolactoseWhich of the following is the best method to use for disinfecting drinking water?

Which of the following is the best method to use for disinfecting drinking water?

Boiling

Match the type of metabolism with the correct phrase.

___ is exergonic \n ___ includes dehydration reactions \n ___ includes hydrolytic reactions

1\. anabolism \n 2. catabolism \n 3. both anabolism and catabolism

2 \n 1 \n 2

During the viral release process, budding results in____________.

the virus acquiring an envelope

Match the following molecule to their function. \n ___ Carries an amino acid to the growing peptide sequence \n ___ Carries the code from DNA to create proteins in the cytoplasm \n ___ Binds to ribosomal subunits to create a functional ribosome and produce proteins

1\. rRNA \n 2. tRNA \n 3. mRNA

2,3,1

Select all of the following choices below that are types of purines. \n a.) Uracil \n b.) Guanine \n c.) Adenine \n d.) Thymine \n e.) Cytosine

b.)Guanine

c.) Adenine

A competent bacterial cell is required for which of the following mechanisms of gene acquisition?

Transformation

Which of the following inhibits mycolic acid synthesis?

Isoniazid

The electron transport chain accepts high energy electrons from:

FADH2

Assessing the minimal inhibitory concentration of an antimicrobial compound may best be achieved by______________.

The E test

Which method is best to achieve sterilization?

Autoclave

Place the following steps of animal virus replication in order. \n synthesis, penetration, uncoating, assembly, Attachment, Exit

attachment, penetration, uncoating, synthesis, assembly, exit

Which of the following classes of enzymes would most likely be involved in the reaction in the image below?

(photo of molecule plus molecule equals another molecule)

ligase

Which of the following cell types contain ribosomes?

both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells

An interferon response is typical of a

viral infection

Which of the following is the term used to describe the migration of cells out of blood vessels into the tissues?

 diapedesis

An organism that has a thick layer of peptidoglycan could be distinguished using the

Gram stain

Match the staining classes with the specific staining techniques. \n ___ Acid-fast stain \n ___ Flagella stain \n ___ Gram stain \n 1. Differential stain \n 2. Simple stain \n 3. Structural stain

3,2,1

Which of the following types of cells are typically involved in innate responses?

Macrophage

Bacterial cells that are freshly placed into a batch culture take a period of time to acclimate their new environment and create the proteins needed to survive. Which phase of growth is this?

 Lag Phase

What is the purpose of the promoter?

Allows the binding of the RNA

Which of the following is considered a cell wall inhibitor

Penicillin

The attached picture is of Grand Prismatic Spring in Yellowstone National Park. The coloring is due to different bacterial growths at their optimal temperatures. As the hot spring water flows out of the super heated ground, the temperatures reach near 87 degrees C. As the water flows away from the center, it cools down to 60-70 degrees Celsius allowing Synechococcus species bacteria to produce the yellow-green colorations. Which of the following best describes Synechococcus spp. bacteria?

Thermophile

Place the Gram stain reagents in the correct order when performing this staining technique. \n Alcohol, Iodine, Crystal violet, Safranin

Crystal violet, iodine, alcohol, safranin

Mycobacterium spp. can be distinguished from other bacteria using the: \n

Acid-fast stain

Amino acids are bound to the ____________

acceptor stem of a tRNA

What is the first step needed for a +ssRNA virus to replicate its genome?

 transcribe it to a -ssRNA template

Which of the following types of transport requires a permease but does not use ATP?

facilitated diffusion

Two objects that are 300nm apart on a glass slide would require a ______________________for proper resolution.

70x objective that resolves to d=275nm

Which of the following individuals produced evidence that supported the spontaneous generation theory?

John Needham

Match the proteins to their function. \n ___ unknown function \n ___ binds to the repressor to release it from the operator sequence \n ___ binds to the operator of the lac operon to block transcription \n ___ hydrolyses lactose into glucose and galactose \n ___ transports lactose from outside the cell into the cell \n 1. LacZ \n 2. LacY \n 3. LacA \n 4. LacI \n 5. Allolactose

3,5,4,1,2

Which of the following best describes when a virus transfers bacterial genetic material to another bacterial cell in a very specific location?

Specialized transduction

Repressible operons are important in regulating prokaryotic:

RNA transcription

Which of the following would most likely be the cause of a spontaneous mutation?

DNA replication errors

A scientist that studies molds and yeasts would be considered

mycologist

Inoculating loops are most often sterilized in a lab by:

 incineration

What is the start codon?

AUG

Which of the following is the purpose of enzymes?

 reduce the activation energy of a chemical reaction

The generation time of an unknown organism was discovered to be 20 min. If we inoculated a broth media with only 2 cells of this organism, how many could be expect after a 2 hour period?

128 cells

A bacillus bacterium with flagella at each terminal end of the cell would be described as_____

amphitrichous

Which of the following is not part of an operon?

Origin

Which of the following is found on all cell types except red blood cells?

MHC

Class I

Which of the following cells types becomes activated, produces clones, and then secretes cytokines to direct the immune response?

CD4+ Helper T-cells

Match the organism example with the correct class. \n _____(1) Fungi \n _____(4) Protozoan \n _____(2) Algae \n _____(3) Helminth

1\. Ascomycota \n 2. Dinoflagellates \n 3. Cestodes \n 4. Sarcodina

1,4,2,3

Which of the following gene regions contains the shine-delgarno sequence?

Leader

Protozoans include organisms which:

produce pseudopods for cell movement

Which of the following is involved in fermentation?

Glycolysis

A T4 bacteriophage is an example of:

complex viruses

Which of the following disrupts phospholipid membranes?

Polymixins

When lacI is expressed, it produces _____________. \n

the repressor

The key phagocytic cells of the body are the____

macrophages

Which of the following requires a reverse transcriptase during their viral life cycle?

Retrovirus

Which of the following antibody isotopes is important in mucosal immunity?

igA

Match the specific type of prokaryotic cell to their cell structure or unique characteristic.

_____(3) Peptidoglycan cell wall \n _____(2) Outer membrane \n _____(1) Pentaglycine cross-link (interbridge) \n _____(2) Lipopolysaccharides

1\. Gram-positive cell \n 2. Gram-negative cell \n 3. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative cells

3,2,1,2

Which of the following was first used by Joseph Lister?

Phenols

Adding two bases to a DNA sequence will result in a:

frameshift mutation

Anabolism is degradative and produces energy.

False

Thioglycollate broth is used to establish the _____________ of an organism

oxygen requirement

Which of the following destroys enzymes? (select all that may apply)

Temperature \n pH

Which of the following molecules is sensed during the lectin pathway activation of the complement system?

Mannan

how would you determine which antibiotic a microbe is susceptible to?

Kirby-Bauer test

Which of the following is a treatment against influenza that prevents viral uncoating?

Amantadine

Which step in viral replication do anti-herpes drugs inhibit \n

Synthesis

The majority of human pathogens would be considered:

mesophiles

Which of the following types of mutations does the image below illustrate?

Silent mutation

Place the following cell structures of a Gram-positive cell in order from inside the cell to outside the cell.

\

_____(4)Capsule \n _____(3)Peptidoglycan \n _____(2)Periplasmic space \n _____(1)Plasma membrane

When having an allergic response, we take

anti-histamines

\
This would inhibit the activity of mast cells. \n True or False

True

Which of the following steps does not occur during the phage replication cycle?

Uncoating

Which of the numbers on the objective lens in the image below describes the magnification of the lens?

20x

Coating microbes to be targeted for death is known as

opsonization

Only prokaryotic cells are able to catabolize carbohydrates through the process of fermentation.

False

Which of the following would best be considered a disinfectant?

glutaraldehyde

Which of the following is considered a protein synthesis inhibitor?

Tetracycline

A preotease _______________

is involved in deamination reactions

High temperatures (boiling water) _________________ and low temperatures (refrigeration)_________________.

kill cells, inhibit cell growth

Which of the following blocks transcription?

Rifampin

Which of the following methods is used to decrease spoilage and reduce pathogens in food and beverages?

pasteurization

Which of the following individuals proposed Archaea as a new domain

Carl Woese

An activator protein binds to activator-binding sites to block transcription activity.

False

What is the purpose of the Shine-Delgarno sequence?

Allows for the binding of the ribosome

Plating a both culture of Staphylococus aureus on an agar plate containing the antibiotic penicillin:

will directly select for penicillin resistant organisms

What type of organism is being viewed in the image below?

(red flat oval worm thingy) \n trematode

Match the correct classification with the method of motility. \n _____(2) Ciliophora \n _____(4) Sarcodina \n _____(3) Apicomplexan \n _____(1) Mastigophora

1\. flagella

2\. cilia \n 3. non-motile \n 4. amoeba

2,4,3,1