OPTION G- URBAN ENVIRONMENTS KEY WORDS

the actual land on which a settlement or an urban area was established

Site

The location of a place in relation to its surroundings communication links, roads, other settlements, rivers, etc…

Situation

The main economic activities that take place in an urban area.

Function

people and groups that experience a lower standard of living than the majority of people living in an urban environment

Deprivation

Residential areas that have been built illegally by residents.

Informal Housing

People who work in the informal sector do not declare their income and pay no tax on it.

Informal Sector

Movement towards an urban area e.g. Rural to Urban Migration, Gentrification.

Centripetal

Movement away from an urban area e.g. Counter-Urbanisation and Suburbanisation.

Centrifugal

A general term for the arrival of wealthier people in an existing urban district, a related increase in rents and property values, and changes in the district’s character and culture.

Gentrification

The process of social and economic change which is due to the reduction in industrial capacity or the activities of a country’s manufacturing and heavy industry.

Deindustrialisation

An increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities compared to rural areas.

Urbanisation

A movement of people away from urban areas to rural areas and smaller settlements.

Counter-Urbanisation

The amount of incoming solar energy reflected back into the atmosphere by the Earth's surface.

Albedo

The distinctive climate of a small-scale area, such as a garden, park, valley or part of a city.

Microclimate

An urban area where the temperatures are higher than the rural areas surrounding it.

Urban Heat Island

The demolition of slums, sometimes accompanied by the rehousing of the inhabitants, to improve living conditions and the environment of an inner city.

Slum Clearance

The persistence of poverty and other forms of socio-economic disadvantage through generations via a sequence of events.

Cycle of Deprivation

a city that has been designed to absorb future shocks and stresses to its social, economic and technical systems and infrastructures so that it can maintain essentially the same functions, structures, systems and identity.

Resilient City Design

The risk from a government or an organization in one country influencing an urban area’s policies in another country.

Geopolitical Risk

The theoretical measurement of the amount of land and water that an urban population requires to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its waste under prevailing technology.

Urban Ecological Footprint

The effective integration of physical, digital and human systems in the built environment to deliver a sustainable, prosperous and inclusive future for its citizens.

Smart City Design