Lesson 2: Path of Blood (Arteries, Capillaries and Veins)

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What is the primary function of arteries?

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To carry blood away from the heart.

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What structural feature differentiates arteries from veins?

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Arteries have a thicker middle layer compared to veins.

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19 Terms

1
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What is the primary function of arteries?

To carry blood away from the heart.

2
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What structural feature differentiates arteries from veins?

Arteries have a thicker middle layer compared to veins.

3
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What is unique about the pressure in arteries?

They operate under very high pressure.

4
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What is the characteristic diffusion process in arteries?

Very little diffusion of substances occurs.

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What is the smallest blood vessel that allows for nutrient and gas exchange?

Capillaries.

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What is the pressure level in capillaries?

Capillaries have the lowest pressure.

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How are nutrients and gases exchanged in capillaries?

Nutrients move in and out while oxygen diffuses out of blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into blood.

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What is a key structural difference between veins and arteries?

Veins have a thinner middle layer and can collapse.

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What prevents backflow of blood in veins?

One-way valves.

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What constitutes blood plasma?

The fluid portion of blood, consisting of 55% of blood volume, mainly composed of water and proteins.

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What are the three main types of blood cells?

Red Blood Cells, White Blood Cells, and Platelets.

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What is the primary function of red blood cells?

To carry oxygen and carbon dioxide to and from cells.

13
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What role do platelets play in the circulatory system?

They play a key role in blood clotting to prevent excessive blood loss.

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What is pulmonary circulation?

The movement of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart.

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Describe systemic circulation.

It transports oxygenated blood from the heart to tissues and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

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What is cardiac circulation?

The movement of blood through the heart tissues.

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What is the first step in the blood clotting process?

The blood vessel is broken, releasing chemicals that attract platelets.

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What does thromboplastin produce in the clotting process?

Thrombin when it reacts with prothrombin in the presence of calcium ions.

19
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What final structure is formed during the blood clotting process?

A fibrous mesh of fibrin that solidifies to form a clot.