AP Bio Unit 2 Quiz

Prokaryote

no nucleus or internal organelles

Eukaryote

nucleus, inner membrane folds, membrane bound organelles

Compartmentalization

separation of micro environments within a cell to boost efficiency

Endosymbiosis

theory of organelles within cells (mitochondria, chloroplasts)

Similarities (Pro and Euk)

Cytosol, cell membrane, ribosomes, genetic material

Cytosol

the aqueous part of the cytoplasm within which various particles and organelles are suspended

Cell/Plasma Membrane

membrane that separates inside of a cell/structure with the outside of a cell/structure; regulates what enters and leaves cell

Free Ribosomes

suspended in cytosol, proteins remain in cytosol

Bound Ribosomes

attached to ER, proteins inserted into membrane for other organelles or export

Genetic Information

DNA, RNA

Nucleus

stores genetic info in eukaryotes

Nucleolus

produces/assembles ribosomes

Endoplasmic Reticulum

membrane system continuous with the nuclear membrane

Rough ER

makes proteins for export

Smooth ER

makes lipids, breaks down carbs, and stores calcium

Golgi Apparatus

helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules

Lysosome

contains digestive enzymes (hydrolysis)

Vacuole

a space or vesicle within the cytosol of a cell, enclosed by a membrane and typically containing fluid/food

Mitochondria

generate most of the chemical energy (ATP) needed to power the cell's biochemical reactions

Plant specific organelles

central vacuole, cell wall, plastids, chloroplast

Plastids

chloroplasts, chromoplasts, leucoplasts

Chloroplast

responsible for photosynthesis

Cell Wall structure

allows cells to develop tugor pressure and is composed mostly of cellulose