Unit 3 Overview

US History Honors, THE EARLY ANTEBELLUM ERA (1800-1840)

Revolution of 1800

The election of 1800 that marked the first peaceful transfer of power between political parties in the U.S.

Marbury v Madison

A landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.

Judicial Review

The power of the courts to declare laws unconstitutional.

Louisiana Purchase

The 1803 acquisition of territory from France that doubled the size of the United States.

Lewis and Clark

Explorers commissioned to map the newly acquired Louisiana Territory and find a route to the Pacific Ocean.

Embargo Act of 1807

A law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports, aimed at Britain and France.

Impressment

The British practice of forcibly recruiting American sailors into the Royal Navy.

War of 1812

A conflict between the United States and Britain, partly over trade restrictions and impressment.

Treaty of Ghent

The agreement that ended the War of 1812 and restored pre-war boundaries.

The Era of Good Feelings

A period of national unity and political harmony during Monroe's presidency.

Nationalism

A strong sense of pride and loyalty to one's nation, prominent during the early 19th century.

Monroe Doctrine

A U.S. policy opposing European colonialism in the Americas, articulated in 1823.

Henry Clay’s American System

An economic plan that aimed to strengthen the U.S. economy through tariffs, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Transportation Improvements

Developments such as roads, canals, and railroads that facilitated trade and movement.

Erie Canal

A significant waterway completed in 1825 that connected the Hudson River to Lake Erie, enhancing trade.

Lowell Mills

Textile factories in Massachusetts that employed young women and were a key part of the Industrial Revolution.

Second Bank of the US

A national bank chartered in 1816 that played a crucial role in the economy.

Eli Whitney

An inventor known for the cotton gin and promoting interchangeable parts in manufacturing.

“King Cotton”

A phrase that emphasized the economic dominance of cotton in the Southern economy.

Second Great Awakening

A religious revival movement in the early 19th century that encouraged social reform.

Temperance

A social movement aimed at reducing or prohibiting alcohol consumption.

Abolition

The movement to end slavery in the United States.

William Lloyd Garrison

An influential abolitionist and editor of "The Liberator," advocating for immediate emancipation.

Frederick Douglass

A former enslaved person who became a leading abolitionist and orator.

Grimke Sisters

Early advocates for abolition and women's rights, known for their writings and speeches.

Nat Turner Rebellion of 1831

A violent slave uprising led by Nat Turner in Virginia, resulting in stricter slave laws.

Seneca Falls Convention

The first women's rights convention held in 1848, which produced the Declaration of Sentiments.

Declaration of Sentiments

A document asserting the rights of women and demanding equality, modeled after the Declaration of Independence.

“Jacksonian Democracy”

A political movement that championed greater democracy for the common man during Andrew Jackson's presidency.

Democratic Party

A political party formed in the 1820s that supported Jacksonian principles.

Whig Party

A political party formed in opposition to Jackson, advocating for a strong legislative branch.

Know-Nothing Party

A political party that emerged in the 1850s, focused on nativism and anti-immigrant sentiments.

Spoils System

The practice of rewarding political supporters with government jobs.

Sectionalism

Loyalty to a particular region or section of the country, often leading to conflict.

Nullification Crisis

A confrontation between South Carolina and the federal government over the state's right to nullify federal laws.

John C

A prominent politician and advocate for states' rights and nullification.

Missouri Compromise of 1820

An agreement that allowed Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance in Congress.

Indian Removal Act of 1830

A law that authorized the forced relocation of Native American tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River.

Trail of Tears of 1837

The forced march of Cherokee Indians from their homeland to designated Indian Territory, resulting in significant suffering and death.

The Bank War

A political struggle between President Jackson and supporters of the Second Bank of the United States, leading to the bank's demise.