quiz 2 soc200

Economy

A social institution managing resources involving production, consumption, and trade across three sectors:primary (raw materials), secondary (manufacturing), and tertiary (services).

McDonaldization

Manifestation of fast-food characteristics like efficiency, calculability (quantify the outcome), predictability (similar), and control (employees/tech) in various sectors like education and business.

Civil Rights

rights of individuals established by law (ex. freedom of speech, religion)

Political Rights

rights of political participation (ex. right to vote, run for office)

Social rights

rights of social and welfare provisions by state and federal government (ex. social security)

Gerrymandering

manipulate the boundaries to favor one side

Power

Traditional (monarchy), rational-legal (power made by laws, democracy), and charismatic (leader’s qualities, movements) forms of authority.

Monarchy

one person who holds power (hereditary) but absolute monarchy is literally only 1 person not a team

Oligarchy

power held by a small elite group

Democracy

goal to give each citizen a voice (US)

Dictatorship

1 person or group that gets their power by taking away people’s rights

Anarchy

no organized government

Family

A construct of emotional and economic relationships, including types like nuclear, fictive kin, and roles like expressive and instrumental.

Marriage Patterns

Monogamy, polygamy (at least 2 ppl), bigamy (married to 2 other people), polyandry (married to 2+ men), and polygyny (married to 2+ women), influenced by tradition and economic benefits.

Cohabitation

emotional/romantic couple sharing a residence without marriage

Fictive kin

choosing who your family is, not blood related

Patrilineal/patrilocal

father passes on their inheritance and live close to father’s family

Matrilineal/matrilocal

mother passes on inheritance, living close to mom’s side of family

Ambilineal/neolocal

both parents inheritance, new location not involving family

Expressive roles

roles played in a relationship tied with more emotion, nurture, and women

Education

Formal (facts and knowledge) and informal (values and norms) education, inequality, hidden curriculum (not academic knowledge), and the school-to-prison pipeline.

Cultural Capital

cultural knowledge and experiences

Cultural transmission

the way people learn the values and beliefs of culture. both formal and informal

Work

Involves tasks requiring mental or physical labor, division of labor, scientific management, alienation, post-Fordism, globalization, and types like service and knowledge work.

Division of labor

specialization of tasks and together accomplishing something (person A do that, person B something else)

Scientific management

work smarter not harder, use science to maximize output. achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization, simplification

Globalization

goods, products, info, communication, forms of culture that move across national boundaries, competition, innovation

Outsourcing

obtaining goods from a foreign supplier or outside your own company, not always national

Minimum Wage

Federal and state minimum wage rates, living wage movement, exploitative labor practices, and the need for fair wages.