a stimulus that can direct behavior,thinking,and feeling
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incentive
an association established between a behavior and its consequences, which then motivates that behavior
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extrinsic motivation
the drive or urge to continue a behavior because of external reinforcers
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instrinsic motivation
a drive or urge to continue a behavior because of internal reinforcers
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Instincts
Complex behaviors that are fixed, unlearned, and consistent within a species
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Homeostasis
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
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drive-reduction theory
suggests that homeostasis motivates us to meet biological needs
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needs
physiological or psychological requirements that must be maintained at some baseline or constant state
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drive
a state of tension produced by a need that motivates an organism toward a goal
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arousal theory
Suggests that humans are motivated to seek an optimal level of arousal, or alertness and engagement in the world.
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Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow)
A continuum of needs that are universal and ordered in terms of the strength of their associated drives
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self-actualization
the need to be one's best and strive for one's fullest potential
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self-determination theory
suggest that humans are born with the neeeds for competence,relatedness,and autonomy, which are always driving us in the direction of growth and optimal functioning
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need for achievement
drive to excel, to achieve in relation to a set of standards, to strive to succeed
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need for power
a drive to control and influence others
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set point
the stable weight that is maintained despite variability in exercise and food intake
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emotion
A psychological state that includes a subjective or inner experience, a physiological component, and a behavioral expression.
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James-Lange Theory
suggests that emotions occur as a result of physiological reactions to events.
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Cannon-Bard Theory
the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers (1) physiological responses and (2) the subjective experience of emotion
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Schachter-Singer Theory
A theory of emotion that states that both physiological arousal and cognitive appraisal must occur before an emotion is consciously experienced.
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cognitive appraisal approach
Suggest that the appraisal or interpretation of interactions with surroundings causes an emotional reaction.
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display rules
framework or guidelines for when, how, and where an emotion is expressed
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facial feedback hypothesis
facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions
Studied by 5 people
