Unit 4: Chemical Reactions

Gravimetric analysis

________ is used to determine an unknown element in a precipitate reaction.

Hydrocarbon combustion

________: carbon + hydrogen (and sometimes oxygen) is ignited and produces CO2 and water, sometimes other compounds as well depending on the elements present.

Synthesis reaction

________: when elements or simple compounds are combined to form a single, more complex compound.

redox reactions

In ________, electrons are swapped between reactants and the oxidation states of the reactants are changed.

Decomposition

________: opposite of synthesis- occurs usually in the presence of heat.

electronegative element

When oxygen is not present, the most ________ has a state equal to it's most common charge.

Oxidation reduction

________ (redox): results in change of oxidation state (only for some)

Precipitation

________: two aqueous solutions mixing to create a solid precipitate.

Acid base

________: when an acid (H+) reacts with a base (OH)- to form water and a salt.

Synthesis reaction

when elements or simple compounds are combined to form a single, more complex compound

alkali metals, ammonium, nitrate

• Compounds with _____ , _____, and _________ are always soluble.

zero

Any neutral atom not bonded has an oxidation state of ____.

most common charge

a single atom has an oxidation state equal to _____

total charge

the oxidation state of a compound is equal to the ____

acid

a compound capable of donating a proton (such as H+)

base

a compound capable of accepting a proton

amphoteric

a compound that is capable of behaving as both an acid and a base (such as water)

H3O3

oxygen typically has a oxidation state of -2, except in _____ where it has a oxidation state of -1

+1

when hydrogen is bonded to a nonmetal, it has an oxidation state of ___

-1

when hydrogen is bonded to a metal, it has an oxidation state of ___