Psychology-Ch.5- Consciousness- Key terms

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37 Terms

1

consciousness

the state of being aware of oneself, one's thoughts, and/or the environment.

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2

Cognitive Psychology

the scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

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3

automatic processing

attending to information with littleor no conscious effort or awareness.

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4

selective attention

tha ability to focus awareness on a small segment of information that is available through our sensory systems

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5

circadian rhythm

The daily patterns roughly following the 24-hour cycle of daylight and darkness; 24-hour cycle of physiological and behavioral functioning.

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6

beta waves

Brainwaves detected by an EEG that represent a state of fully alert wakefulness

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7

alpha waves

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

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8

Non-rapid eye movement (NREM)

the non dreaming sleep that occurs during sleep stages 1 to 4

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9

theta waves

brain waves that indicate light sleep

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10

delta waves

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

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11

rapid eye movement (REM)

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream

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12

Narcolepsy

A neurological disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, which includes lapses into sleep and napping.

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13

REM sleep behavior disorder

A sleep disturbance in which the mechanism responsible for paralyzing the body during REM sleep is not functioning, resulting in the acting out of dreams.

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14

Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea

A serious disturbance of non-REM sleep characterized by complete absence of air flow (apnea) or reduced air flow (hypopnea).

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15

insomnia

sleep disturbance characterized by an inability to fall asleep or stay asleep.

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16

sleep terrors

A disturbance of non-REM sleep, generally occurring in children; characterized by screaming, staring fearfully, and usually no memory of the episode the following morning.

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17

nightmares

frightening dreams that occur during REM sleep

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18

REM rebound

an increase in the typical amount of REM sleep following reduction of REM sleep owing to sleep deprivation or the use of certain drugs that reduce REM sleep

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19

manifest content

The apparent meaning of a dream; the remembered story line of a dream.

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20

latent content

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

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21

activation-synthesis model

the theory that dreams are produced when the brain attempts to make sense of random neural activity that occurs during sleep

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22

psychoactive drugs

chemicals that affect the central nervous system and alter activity in the brain

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23

depressants

a class of drugs that slow down the body's physiological and mental processes.

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24

Barbiturates

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgment

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25

Opiates

A class of psychoactive drugs that cause a sense of euphoria; a drug that imitates the endorphins naturally produced in the brain.

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26

Stimulants

a class of drugs that speed up the body's physiological and mental processes.

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27

Amphetamines

stimulant drugs that initially produce "rushes" of euphoria often followed by sudden "crashes" and, sometimes, severe depression

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28

Hallucinogens

A group of psychoactive drugs that can produce hallucinations (auditory, visual, or kinesthetic), distorted sensory experiences, alterations of mood, and distorted thinking.

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29

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

A synthetically produced, odorless, tasteless, and colorless hallucinogen that is very potent; produces extreme changes in sensations and perceptions.

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30

Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)

A synthetic drug chemically similar to the stimulant methamphetamine and the hallucinogen mescaline; produces a combination of stimulant and hallucinogenic effects.

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31

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

psychoactive substance in marijuana

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32

physiological dependence

a condition in which the user has a chemical need for a drug

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33

withdrawal

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

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34

delirium tremens

a disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol

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35

Tolerance

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect

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36

psychological dependence

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

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37

Hypnosis

An altered state of consciousness or a psychological state of altered attention and expectation in which the individual is unusually receptive to suggestions.

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