Photosynthesis + Respiration - 91%

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21 Terms

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Photosynthesis

The process by which plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy.

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Chloroplast

The part of the plant cell where photosynthesis occurs.

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Thylakoids

Compartments within the chloroplast where the Light-Dependent Reactions take place.

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Granum

A stack of thylakoids in the chloroplast.

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Chlorophyll

The green pigment in thylakoids that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.

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Stroma

The liquid within the chloroplast where the Calvin Cycle occurs.

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Light-Dependent Reactions

The first stage of photosynthesis that converts light energy into chemical energy.

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Calvin Cycle

The second stage of photosynthesis that converts ATP, NADPH, and carbon dioxide into glucose.

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ATP

Adenosine Triphosphate, the basic unit of energy in cells.

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Cellular Respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into water, carbon dioxide, and ATP.

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Glycolysis

The first stage of cellular respiration that splits glucose into two pyruvate molecules and occurs in the cytoplasm.

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Krebs Cycle

The second stage of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria and produces ATP, NADH, and FADH.

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Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

The final stage of cellular respiration that produces the majority of ATP and occurs in the mitochondrial matrix.

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Aerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration processes that require oxygen, including the Krebs Cycle and ETC.

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Anaerobic Respiration

Cellular respiration processes that do not require oxygen, such as glycolysis.

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Pyruvate

The product of glycolysis, consisting of two 3-carbon molecules derived from glucose.

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NADH

A carrier coenzyme produced during glycolysis and the Krebs Cycle that transports electrons.

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FADH

Another electron carrier produced in the Krebs Cycle.

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ATP Synthase

An enzyme that converts ADP into ATP during the Electron Transport Chain.

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Chemical Formula for Photosynthesis

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

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Chemical Formula for Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ~36ATP.