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frontier
an undeveloped area
comstock lode
in 1859, a miner named henry comstock found a huge deposit of gold and silver in nevada. produced more than 500 million worth of gold and silver and lured thousands of california miners to nevada
boomtowns
communities that grew suddenly when a mine opened
cattle kingdom
the great plains from texas to canada where many ranchers raised cattle in the late 1800s
cattle drive
long journeys where cowboys herded cattle to the market or to the northern plains for grazing
chisholm trail
ran from san antonio, texas, to the cattle town of abilene, kansas. it was one of the earliest and most popular routes for cattle drive
pony express
made in 1860. system of messanges on horse back that carried messanges to the west
transcontinential railroad
a railroad that connected the east to the west and crossed the continent.
treaty of fort laramie
first treaty between u.s gov. and plains indian
reservations
areas of federal land set aside for native americans
crazy horse
native american cheif of oglala, sioux. took part in the battle of little bighorn. was killed after surrendering and imprisonment
treaty of medicine lodge
took place in 1867. most southerner plains indian agreed to live on reservations
buffalo soldiers
troops sent by u.s gov that included african american cavalry. the indians also called them this
george armstrong custer
american civil war officer. his soldiers discovered gold in the black hills of dakotas in 1874. killed in the battle of the little bighorn
sitting bull
leader of the lakota sioux. protested u.s demands for land
battle of little bighorn
sioux forces led by crazy horse and sitting bull surrendered and defeated custer bull and his troops
massacre at wounded knee
last major incident at the great plains. u.s shot and killed about 150 sioux
long walk
navajo indians were forced to walk a 300-mile march across the desert to a reservation in bosque redondo, new mexico
geronimo
chiricahua apache indian. he and his bands of raiders avoided capture for many years. in september 1886, he surrendered, thus ending the apache armed resistance
ghost dance
wovaka, a paiute indian, began this religious movement. it predicted the arrival of paradise for native americans
sarah winnemucca
a paiute indian who called for reformation in the late 1870s. she gave lectures on problems with the reservation system and spoke out for the fair treatment of her people
dawes general allotment
act of 1887. tried to lessen traditional influences on indian society by making land ownership private rather than shared