Med Occs Integumentary System

epidermis

thin, outer membrane layer; no blood supply or connective tissue

basal layer

deepest layer within the epidermis

keratin

hard protein made of hard, dead cells, which allow the skin to be an effective barrier to infection and make it waterproof

melanocyte cells

in the basal layer, which produce black pigment and protects against damage from the UV rays of the sun

dermis

middle, fibrous connective tissue layer; houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, blood vessels, lymph vessels, sensory receptors, nerve fibers, and muscle fibers

corium

“true skin” - another name for the dermis; living tissue with very good blood supply and composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers

hypodermis (subcutaneous)

lies beneath the dermis; third and deepest layer of the skin that protects the deeper tissues of the body and acts as an insulation against heat and cold

lipocytes

fat cells that make up the subcutaneous layer

protein kertain

make up the fibers that make up the hair

hair follicle

within which the hair shaft grows towards the skin surface

sebaceous glands

release oil directly directly into the hair follicle to lubricate the hair and skin

sebum

name of the oil secreted by the sebaceous glands

arrector pili muscle

“slip” of smooth muscle attached to each hair; when muscle contracts, the hair shaft stands up, resulting in “goosebumps”

nail body

flat plate of keratin covering ends of fingers and toes

nail root

base on the nail covered by soft tissue

cuticle

soft tissue protective the nail root at the nail base

free edge

exposed edge of nail that is trimmed when the nail becomes too long

lunula

“half moon” light colored area at the base of the nail

sudoriferous glands

AKA sweat glands, which are highly coiled and located in the dermis

sweat duct

place through which sweat travels to the surface of the skin

sweat pore

surface opening of a sweat duct

apocrine glands

secrete a thicker sweat, which can produce and odor; located in the pubic region and the underarms

split thickness skin graft (STSG)

involves removing the epidermis and approximately half of the dermis for relocation to another part of the body; used when a large surface area needs to be covered

full thickness skin graft (FTSG)

composed of the epidermis and all of the dermis; its use is restricted to covering relatively small defects because of its depth

autografts

skin grafts taken from oneself

allografts

skin grafts taken from the same species, but from someone else

heterografts or xenografts

skin grafts taken from a dissimilar species, such as a pig or calf

first degree burn

affects the dermis and characterized by erythema, but does not blister; healing takes place in about one week and no scar tissue formation is expected; can be treated with topical ointment

erythema

redness of skin

second degree burn

affects the dermis to varying degrees; blisters are present and is very painful; heals within two weeks and does not scar

third degree burn

completely penetrates the full thickness of the skin and often affects underlying structures; very painful; if nerves are destroyed, then the burn is painless; often charred or pearly white

eschar

when a burn appears charred and pearly white (present in third degree burns)

fourth degree burn

often referred to as char burns; can damage blood vessels, nerves, muscles, tendons, and can affect bone density; surgery to remove necrotic tissue is almost always required; reconstruction is extensive

necrotic tissue

dead tissue

rules of 9

used by medical professionals to assess total surface area involved in burn patients

rules of 9 - anterior head and neck

4.5%

rules of 9 - posterior head and neck

4.5%

rules of 9 - anterior trunk

18%

rules of 9 - posterior trunk

18%

rules of 9 - both anterior arms

9%

rules of 9 - both posterior arms

9%

rules of 9 - both anterior legs

18%

rules of 9 - perineum

1%

eczema

redness, vesicles, itching, crusts

nevus

birthmark

lipoma

fatty tumor

urticaria

hives

bedsore

decubitis ulcer

acne rosacea

acne commonly seen in adults

acne vulgaris

acne of adolescence

hirsutism

excessive hair growth

alopecia

baldness

gangrene

caused by deficient blood supply

scleroderma

hardened skin

albinism

lack of skin pigment

kwell

kills mites and lice

cortaid

powerful anti- inflammatory

benadryl

reduces severe itching

neosporin

kills bacteria

monistat

xylocaine