U2 - Covalent bonding
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15 Terms
Where does covalent bonding occur?
Covalent bonding occurs between two nonmetals. However, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule).
Does a covalent bond lose or share an electron?
rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. Holding it in a shared space between them, since there are no metals to give electrons.
What is a bonding pair
The bonding pair is an electron pair, consisting of two electrons shared between two atoms.
Cl2 forms a bond with it self. Why?
Each chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet. Neither atom will give up an electron as chlorine is highly electronegative, so they have equal strength pulling each other. Each atom shares the electron pair in the middle, if 1 atom donates 1 electron the atom has to donate 1 electron too. This forms a bonding pair.
What is a diatomic covalent bond?
It’s a covalent bond between two of the same element. Molecules with two atoms are called diatomic molecules
What is a bonding pair
Equates to one chemical bond between the atoms
What is a dot diagram
Shows only the valence electrons of the atoms grouped in pairs
What is a line diagram
Shows bonding pairs as lines, where 1 line = 2 electrons
Hallogens bond to what?
Hallogens bond to itself and other Hallogens
What is the bond of O2?
It has two bonding pairs therefore a double bond.
What counts towards the octet rule?
The elements own valence shells and it’s shared electrons count.
Which element goes in the middle?
The element with the stronger bond (need more electrons to achieve octet) will go in the middle if there are more then 2 atoms.
How do you draw covalent bonding
Find the number if valence electrons, and the number of electrons needed to achieve octet for each atom
Draw out the atoms using a dot diagram
Add one electron from each atom to the space between them
Keep adding until you satisfy the octet rule
How would you draw NH4
4 nitrogen electrons will bond with each of the 4 hydrogens, there the hydrogens will have two since they are bonded to only the nitrogen. While nitrogen will have 8 since it’s bonded to 4 hydrogen.
What do you do if you have an extra electron left over
You get rid of it and give it a positive charge because you lost an electron allowing it to become a cation.