Mid Terms yay.

What is an observation?

Observations are made with your 5 senses.

What is an inference?

Inferences are conclusions you make based on your observations.

When heating a test tube you should…. (4 things)

1. Make sure the test tube is pointed away from you
2. Make sure the test tube is unstoppered (no plug in top)
3. Follow directions from teacher
4. Don’t put the heat really high

What is an independent variable?

The variable the scientist is manipulating (controlling and changing). (The X axis on a graph.)

What is an dependent variable?

It is what is being measured (the data that is collected); The result of the experiment

Define: Controlled variables, or Constants

Every variable (other than the dependent and independent) in an experiment. They remain constant (unchanged) and consistent among each group (experimental and control).

Define: Hypothesis

An educated guess of the results you are expecting to happen. A hypothesis is ALWAYS written in statement form. It cannot be a question.

The Steps of the Scientific Method are…?

1. Make observations
2. Develop questions
3. Do research
4. Develop hypothesis
5. Design controlled experiment
6. Collect/Organize data
7. Analyze data
8. Conclusion

What are the building blocks of carbohydrates/starch?

Simple Sugars!

What is the building blocks of proteins?

Amino acids.

What is the functions of lipids/fat?

They store energy and are found on parts of the cell membrane.

What are the functions of proteins?

They send messages throughout the cell, fight diseases, speed up the rate of reactions in living things, structure of bones and teeth. Some examples are antigens, enzymes, and hormones.

What are the functions of carbohydrates/starch?

They provide immediate energy. Som examples of them being in living things are the parts of the cell wall and cell membrane.

What do organic molecules BOTH have?

Carbon (C) and hydrogen (H)!

CHEMICAL BONDS = WHAT?

ENERGY!!!

Levels of organization from least complex (smallest) to most complex (largest):

Organelle → Cell → Tissues → Organs → Organ system → Organism

What are enzymes?

Enzymes are catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction (biological catalysts) and are needed for all reactions in a cell or body.

How can enzymes shapes be affected?

Their shape is also affected by two major environmental factors: pH and temperature. All enzymes have a certain pH and temperature that they work best at! (called an optimal temperature or pH). If pH or temperature is drastically changed, this may cause the enzyme to DENATURE or change shape

What is lactid acid?

It causes muscle fatigue when wastes and oxygen in the body builds up.

Exercise = ???

Exercise= increase circulatory system rate to deliver nutrients (such as oxygen) to cells, and increase respiratory system rate to take in oxygen to make ATP at a faster rate.

Reactants of photosynthesis:

Carbon dioxide and water

Reactants of cellular respiration:

Glucose and oxygen

Products of photosynethesis:

Glucose and oxygen

Products of cellular respriation:

Carbon dioxide and water and ATP