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Hypothesis
A testable prediction about the outcome of an experiment.
Independent Variable
What you change in an experiment (e.g., amount of water given to a plant).
Dependent Variable
What you measure in an experiment (e.g., height of the plant after a week).
Controlled Variables
Factors that stay the same in an experiment (e.g., type of plant, amount of sunlight, soil used).
Quantitative Data
Data that involves numbers.
Qualitative Data
Data that is descriptive in nature.
Line Graphs
Graphs suitable for representing continuous data.
Bar Graphs
Graphs ideal for categorical data.
Multicellular
Organisms made up of more than one cell.
Unicellular
Organisms made up of a single cell.
Skeletal System
Body system that provides support, protection, movement, and blood cell production.
Digestive System
Body system responsible for breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.
Circulatory System
Body system that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste; includes heart and blood vessels.
Excretory System
Body system that filters waste and produces urine.
Respiratory System
Body system responsible for gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal.
Force
A push or pull on an object (e.g., kicking a ball).
Friction
A force that opposes motion between surfaces.
Gravity
A non-contact force that pulls objects toward each other.
Electrostatic Forces
Forces between objects with electric charges (e.g., static electricity from a balloon).
Resultant Force
The overall force when all individual forces acting on an object are combined.
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be chemically broken down, made of one type of atom.
Compounds
Substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.
Chemical Change
A process where substances change into new substances with different properties.
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