Science Notes

Science

Hypothesis

A testable prediction about the outcome of an experiment.

Independent Variable

What you change in an experiment (e.g., amount of water given to a plant).

Dependent Variable

What you measure in an experiment (e.g., height of the plant after a week).

Controlled Variables

Factors that stay the same in an experiment (e.g., type of plant, amount of sunlight, soil used).

Quantitative Data

Data that involves numbers.

Qualitative Data

Data that is descriptive in nature.

Line Graphs

Graphs suitable for representing continuous data.

Bar Graphs

Graphs ideal for categorical data.

Multicellular

Organisms made up of more than one cell.

Unicellular

Organisms made up of a single cell.

Skeletal System

Body system that provides support, protection, movement, and blood cell production.

Digestive System

Body system responsible for breakdown of food, nutrient absorption, and waste elimination.

Circulatory System

Body system that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste; includes heart and blood vessels.

Excretory System

Body system that filters waste and produces urine.

Respiratory System

Body system responsible for gas exchange, oxygen intake, and carbon dioxide removal.

Force

A push or pull on an object (e.g., kicking a ball).

Friction

A force that opposes motion between surfaces.

Gravity

A non-contact force that pulls objects toward each other.

Electrostatic Forces

Forces between objects with electric charges (e.g., static electricity from a balloon).

Resultant Force

The overall force when all individual forces acting on an object are combined.

Elements

Pure substances that cannot be chemically broken down, made of one type of atom.

Compounds

Substances formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements.

Chemical Change

A process where substances change into new substances with different properties.