CH 5 Vocabulary Words #1

Axial skeleton

The skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular skeleton

Bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.

Compact bone

Dense bone composed of osteons that makes up the outer layer of flat, short, and irregular bones; major component of long bones.

Spongy bone

Internal layer of bone in flat, short, and irregular bones, and in the epiphyses of long bones.

Long bones

A bone that is longer than it is wide, such as the humerus and femur.

Flat bones

Thin, flattened, and usually curved bones.

Short bones

Cube-shaped bones.

Irregular bones

Bones that do not fit any specific category.

Diaphysis

Elongated shaft of a long bone.

Periosteum

Double-layered connective tissue membrane that covers and nourishes the bone.

Sharpey’s fibers

AKA perforating fibers which is connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the bone

Epiphyses

The end of a long bone.

Articular cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of a bone at a joint.

Epiphyseal line

calcified line in the epiphysis of a long bone that contained hyaline cartilage during the period of long bone growth, which ends when calcification is complete

Epiphyseal plate

Plate of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis that allows for growth in length.

Medullary cavity

Central cavity in the diaphysis of a long bone containing marrow.

Red marrow

Bone marrow that is the site of blood cell production.

Yellow marrow

Bone marrow that stores adipose (fat) tissue.

Bone markings

surface features of bones where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach, and where blood vessels and nerves pass.

Osteocytes

A mature bone cell.

Lacunae

A little depression or space; in bone or cartilage, lacunae are occupied by cells.

Lamellae

Concentric rings of bone matrix with lacunae between them.

Haversian canals

AKA central canals that run lengthwise through the bony matrix carrying blood vessels and nerves to all areas of the bone.

Canaliculi

Extremely small tubular passages or channels.

Volkmann’s canals

AKA perforating canals. Is a canal running at right angles to the central canal in an osteon.

Ossification

The process of bone formation.

Osteoblasts

Bone-forming cells.

Osteoclasts

Large cells that reabsorb or break down bone matrix.

Rickets

disease in which the bones of children fail to calcify properly, leading to bowing of the leg bones.

Fracture

A break that can be classified as open or closed.