CH 5 Vocabulary Words #1

Axial skeleton

• the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum.

Appendicular skeleton

• bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton.

Compact bone

• dense bone composed of osteons that makes up the outer layer of flat, short and irregular bones; major component of long bones.

Spongy bone

• internal layer of bone in flat, short, and irregular bones, and in the epiphyses of long bones.

Long bones

• a bone that is longer than it is wide such as a humerus and femur.

Flat bones

• Thin, Flattened, and usually curved bones.

Short bones

• cube-shaped bones.

Irregular bones

• Bones that do not fit any specific category.

Diaphysis

• elongated shaft of a long bone

Periosteum

• double-layered connective tissue membrane that covers and nourishes the bone.

Sharpey’s fibers

• aka perforating fibers which is connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the bone

Epiphyses

• the end of a long bone.

Articular cartilage

• hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of a bone at a joint.

Epiphyseal line

• calcified line in the epiphysis of a long bone that contained hyaline cartilage during the period of long bone growth, which ends when calcification is complete.

Epiphyseal plate

• plate of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis of a long bone that allows for growth in length.

Medullary cavity

• central cavity in the diaphysis of a long bone containing marrow.

Red marrow

• bone marrow that is the site of blood cell production

Yellow marrow

• bone marrow that stores adipose (fat) tissue.

Bone markings

• surface features of bones where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach, and where blood vessels and nerves pass.

Osteocytes

• a mature bone cell.

Lacunae

• a little depression or space; in bone or cartilage, lacunae are occupied by cells.

Lamellae

• concentric rings of bone matrix with lacuna between them.

Haversian canals

• aka central canals. run lengthwise through the bony matrix, carrying blood vessels and nerves to all areas of the bone

Canaliculi

• extremely small tubular passage or channel.

Volkmann’s canals

• aka perforating canals. Is a canal running at right angles to the central canal in an osteon.

Ossification

• the process of bone formation

Osteoblasts

• bone-forming cells

Osteoclasts

• large cells that reabsorb or break down bone matrix.

Rickets

• disease in which the bones of children fail to calcify properly, leading to bowing of the leg bones.

Fracture

• a break; can be classified as an open or closed fracture.