chapter 3

missouri compromise

an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories

American system

the policy of promoting industry in the U.S. by adoption of a high protective tariff and of developing internal improvements by the federal government

monroe doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the western hemisphere from outside powers

blockade

obstruct access to

embargo

ban the publication of, as for security or copyright reasons

war of 1812

a war between the United States and England which was trying to interfere with American trade with France

louisiana purchase

territory in the western United States purchased from France in 1803 for $15 million

Marbury vs. Madison

(1803) established the principle of judicial review—the power of the federal courts to declare legislative and executive acts unconstitutional.

simplify the presidency power

neutrality (in regards to the french revolution)

George Washington on April 22, 1793, that declared the nation neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain

alien and sedition acts

a Federalist-controlled Congress passed four laws. These laws raised the residency requirements for citizenship from 5 to 14 years, authorized to deport "aliens," permitted their arrest, imprisonment deportation during wartime

XYZ Affair

incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War

precedents of washington

whiskey rebellion

a 1794 uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government.

land ordinance of 1785

laid out the process by which lands west of the Appalachian Mountains were to be surveyed and sold

northwest ordinance 1787

chartered a government for the Northwest Territory, provided a method for admitting new states to the Union from the territory, and listed a bill of rights guaranteed in the territory

article of confederation challenge

They had no power to draft soldiers They couldn't raise taxes to pay borrowed money back They had no chief executive (president) They had no power to enforce treaties They had no national court system They had no power to regulate interstate commerce (trade)

article of confederation strength

Congress could declare war, and start an army and navy They could make peace and sign treaties They can borrow money They can organize a post office

separation of power

the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another

check/balance

refers to the separation of powers that results from divided branches of government outlined in the U.S. Constitution

bill of rights

a statement of fundamental rights and privileges

federalists supported a strong federal government because

establishing a large national government was not only possible, but necessary to “create a more perfect union” by improving the relationship among the states

anti-federalists we’re critical of the government as proposed by the new constitution because

the 1787 U.S. Constitution because they feared that the new national government would be too powerful and thus threaten individual liberties, given the absence of a bill of rights.

henry clay

American attorney and statesman who represented Kentucky leak in both the house and the senate.

how did jefferson simply the federal government

Jefferson simplified the government by cutting costs, reducing the size of the army, lowering expenses for government and social funding.