redox

State the FOUR different ways that could describe oxidation

• Loss of hydrogen

• loss of electron

• increase in oxidation state

• gain of oxygen

State the FOUR different ways that could describe reduction

• gain of electrons

• gain of hydrogen

• decrease in oxidation state

• loss of oxygen

How are ions written

number first, then charge eg Mg ²⁺

How are oxidation states written

Charge first, then number eg the oxidation state of Mg ion is +2

What is the oxidation state of an element?

always zero

What is the oxidation state of the fluoride ion?

Always -1

What is the oxidation state(s) of oxygen in compounds

The oxidation state of oxygen in its compounds is usually –2 except if bonded to fluorine or in peroxides or superoxides

What is the oxidation state(s) of hydrogen in compounds

The oxidation state of hydrogen in its compounds is usually +1 except when bonded to a metal ion (metal hydride), when it is –1

What do half equation include?

Electrons (‘half equations have ‘h’electrons!)

What do overall equation NOT include

Electrons

what is a Disproportionation reaction 

A reaction where the same element is simultaneously oxidised and reduced.

what are reducing agents

Electron Donors cause something else to be reduced by themselves getting oxidised

what are Oxidising agents

Electron acceptors, cause something else to be oxidised by themselves getting reduced

formula for a nitrate ion and systematic name

nitrate (V)

formula for a nitrite ion and systematic name

nitrate (III)

formula for sulphate ion and systematic name 

sulfate (VI)

formula for sulphite ion and systematic name 

sulfate (IV)

formula for chloride ion and systematic name 

chloride

formula for chlorate ion and systematic name 

chlorate(V)

formula for chlorite ion and systematic name 

chlorate(III)

formula for hyppochlorite ion and systematic name 

chlorate(I)

list the monatomic elements

(group 0 elements/ Nobel gases)

• helium

• argon

• neon

• krypton

• enon

• radon

list all the simple molecular elements

• all of the diatomic elements plus sulphur and phosphorus as they form covalent bonds to their selfs just form several bonds

• hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, iodine, chlorine, bromine, sulphur, phosphorus

name all the ionic elements

there are no ionic elements

example of three elements that form giant metallic lattices 

• magnesium 

• aluminium 

• iron 

• sodium

give two examples of giant molecular structures formed by carbon atoms

• Dimond

• graphite

what atom other than carbon can form a macromolecular lattice

silicone

define a compound 

a substance formed by the chemical union of two or more different elements in a fixed ratio, where the elements are chemically bonded together and cannot be separated by physical means

define a mixture

two or more substances (elements or compounds) that are physically combined but not chemically bonded together.

list all of the monatomic compounds

there are no monatomic compounds

list 5 common molecular compounds

• carbon dioxide

• water

• ammonia

• silicon dioxide

• methane

• nitrogen monoxide

• nitrogen dioxide

• sulfur dioxide

• sulfur trioxide

how can you calculate the formula of an ionic compound

using the charges on the ions

what are the 4 common acids that are ionic compounds and give their formula

• hydrochloric acid - HCl

• sulphuric acid- H2SO4

• nitric acid- HNO3

• phosphoric acid- H3PO4

name all the metallic compounds 

there are no metallic compounds 

name the giant covalent compound

silicone dioxide

formula for the following common ions

• nitrate

• sulfate

• carbonate

• hydroxide

• hydride

• phosphate

• nitrate- NO₃^-

• sulfate- SO_4^2-

• carbonate- CO₃^2-

• hydroxide-OH^-

• hydride- H^-

• phosphate- PO₄^3-

how ro calculate the oxidation state of a compound

To find an element's oxidation state, assign known oxidation states to other atoms in the compound, set up an equation where the sum of all oxidation states equals the compound's total charge (zero for a neutral compound), and then solve for the unknown oxidation state

real the order of reactivity in the reactivity series