History of the Americas Paper 2 -> Authoritarian States

November Revolution 1918

Consequence of military defeat of Germany in WW1

Triggered by naval mutiny at the beginning of Nov.

Weimar Republic

democratic German gov

ineffective bc of crippling war debt and political instability

treaty of versailles

signed 1919 established peace btwn Germany and allied victors

included a plan to form the LON

Article 231

war guilt clause

forced germany to accept responsibility for starting WW1

Gleichschaltung

Hitler's technique of using Nazi-controlled associations, clubs, and organizations to coordinate his revolutionary activities.

spartacist upbringing 1919

jan. uprising/bloody week, armed uprising in Berlin

50k workers went on strike and protested in Berlin

putsch

a violent attempt to overthrow a government

Hitler attempted this vs weimar

SPD party

represented interests of working class and trade union

outlawed in nazi germany

DDP

liberal political party in weimar republic

german peoples party (DVP)

conservative liberal party during weimar republic

major nationalist party before nazis

bavarian peoples party

catholic political party in bavaria

disbanded after nazi seizure of power

Communist party (KPD)

German communist party in the Weimar gov, suppressed by the nazis

German Nationalist Peoples Party (DNVP)

Alliance of conservative, nationalist, monarchist and anti-semetic people, dissolved by nazis

National Socialist German Workers party (NSDAP)

Far-right political party in Germany

Supported Nazism

Article 48

The Article of the Weimar Republic's constitution that allowed Hitler to seize control of the government after the Reichstag fire on Feb. 27, 1933.

Dawes Plan 1924

This loan program was crafted to give money to Germany so that they could pay war reparations and lessen the financial crisis in Europe

Beerhall Putsch/Munich Putsch

failed coup d'etat by Hitler

Reichstag

national germany parliament

Kellog-briand pact

Agreement to outlaw war, not enforcable

Locarno Pact 1925

1. Recorded an agreement between France and Germany to respect mutual frontiers

2. Marked the beginning of a brief period of reduced tensions among the European powers

Young Plan 1929

Schedule that set limits to Germany's reparation payments and reduced the agreed-on time for occupation of the Ruhr.

Nazi Propaganda

posters, movies, books meant to perpetuate the idea of an Aryan nation and that Jews were to blame

Third Reich 1933-1945

The German regime ruled by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party.

Communist International (Comintern)

exported the soviet brand of communism to other places in the world

Mein Kampf

"My Struggle"-a book written by Adolf Hitler during his imprisonment in 1923-1924, in which he set forth his beliefs and his goals for Germany

Enabling Act 1933

Gave German chancellor power to enforce laws -> Hitler enacted laws without interference

German Labour Front (DAF)

National labor org. of Nazi party

Replaced various trade unions in Germany during Nazi time

Night of the Long Knives (1934)

The arrest and murder of many of Hitler's political opponents

Gestapo

secret german state police

enforced nazi policies

White rose group

non-violent resistance group in Nazi Germany, consisting of a number of students from the University of Munich and their philosophy professor. The group became known for an anonymous leaflet campaign,

Berlin Olympic Games Controversy 1938

held in Nazi Germany

Controversial due to propaganda used during the tournament

Lebensraum

Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people

Four-year plan

The plan created by the Nazis in 1936 that served to improve the economy and infrastructure of Germany with the goal of making the country ready for war in four years.

National socialist teachers' league

sought to align german education system with nazi

Indoctrinated youth created a generation of nazi influenced kids

National socialist womans league

mobilize german women's branch of nazi party, served as a fusion of several nationalist woman in germany

Nuremberg Laws 1935

antisemetic laws, stripped jews of their jobs property and rights

Waffen -SS

military branch under nazis

operated as elite combat force

Final Solution

Nazi plan to exterminate Jews

established international human rights laws

Kristallnacht

Program under Jews in Nazi Austria

lead up to holocaust, violent persecution

Gustav Stresemann

German Foreign Minister who assumed leadership of government and got the French to move out of the Ruhr

Alfred Hugenberg

Had his own party called the German Nationalist Party, was also a part of Hitler's NSDAP. He wanted to control Hitler and use him to his benefits, but failed in doing so.

Paul Von Hindenberg

The President of Germany who named Hitler chancellor

Heinrich Bruning

The German chancellor during the Weimar Republic who convinced the president to accept rule by decree

Joseph Goebbels

Chief minister of the Nazi propaganda, and organizer of Kristallnacht

Heinrich Himmler

German Nazi who was chief of the SS and the Gestapo and who oversaw the genocide of six million Jews (1900-1945)