Spanish Vocabulary - Alphabet & Grammar Rules

Most Spanish nouns ending in -o, r, & l are…

masculine

Most Spanish nouns ending in -a are…

feminine

What are the 4 definite articles in Spanish?

El (masc, singular) | La (fem, singular) | Los (masc, plural) | Las (fem, plural)

In Spanish, definite articles can be used to…

• Refer to something specific (La clase es interesante)

• Talking about a noun in a general sense (La libertad es importante)

• Speaking/Writing about people with titles (La profesora Ana Cano es popular

When is a definite article not needed concerning people with titles?

When speaking directly to a person with a title (Hola, Profesora Cano)

Words ending in -ista can be…

feminine or masculine (el/la futbolista)

Many words ending in -ma are…

masculine (el sistema, el problema)

Words that seem to be one gender, but are the other include…

El día, El mapa, la mano

Feminine nouns beginning with a stressed -a syllable sound use what as an article?

El (El agua)

Feminine nouns beginning with a non-stressed -a syllable sound use what as an article?

La (La actitud)

The 3 rules of making a noun plural in Spanish.

• If a noun ends in a vowel, add -s (La silla → Las sillas)

• If a noun ends in a consonant other than z, add es (El papel → Los papeles)

• If a noun ends in a z, change it to “ces” (el lápiz → Los lápices)

Pronunciation of “A” in spanish

ah

Pronunciation of “B” in spanish

beh

Pronunciation of “C” in spanish

seh

Pronunciation of “D” in spanish

deh

Pronunciation of “E” in spanish

eh

Pronunciation of “F” in spanish

efeh

Pronunciation of “G” in spanish

heh

Pronunciation of “H” in spanish

atcheh

Pronunciation of “I” in spanish

ee

Pronunciation of “J” in spanish

hota

Pronunciation of “K” in spanish

kah

Pronunciation of “L” in spanish

eleh

Pronunciation of “M” in spanish

emeh

Pronunciation of “N” in spanish

eneh

Pronunciation of “Ñ” in spanish

enyeh

Pronunciation of “O” in spanish

oh

Pronunciation of “P” in spanish

peh

Pronunciation of “Q” in spanish

coo

Pronunciation of “R” in spanish

ereh

Pronunciation of “S” in spanish

eseh

Pronunciation of “T” in spanish

teh

Pronunciation of “U” in spanish

oo

Pronunciation of “V” in spanish

ve / oove

Pronunciation of “W” in spanish

doble oo / doble ve

Pronunciation of “X” in spanish

eh-kees

Pronunciation of “Y” in spanish

ee-gree-ega

Pronunciation of “Z” in spanish

theta

What are the singular subject pronouns in Spanish?

(Yo - I) (Tú [Informal] - You) (Usted [Formal] - You) (Él - He) (Ella - She)

What are the plural subject pronouns in Spanish?

(Nosotros/as - We) (Vosotros/as [Informal, *SPAIN] - Yall) (Ustedes [Formal] - Yall) (Ellos, Ellas - They)

Nosotras, Vosotras, & Ellas are used when a group is…

only comprised of women.

Nosotros, Vosotros, & Ellos are used when a group is…

comprised of men or is mixed.

The infinitive form is…

the verb form found in the dictionary/the base form of a verb.

The infinitive form of all Spanish verbs end in…

-ar, -er, or -ir.

What does the verb “Ser” mean?

"to be”

Ser forms of the present tense singular subject pronouns

(Yo - soy) (Tú - eres) (Usted, Él, Ella - es)

Ser forms of the present tense plural subject pronouns

(Nosotros/as - somos) (Vosotros/as [*SPAIN] - sois) (Ustedes, Ellos, Ellas - son)

• Any singular subject that is not yo or tú uses what form of Ser?

• Any plural subject that is not nosotros/as or vosotros/as uses what form of Ser?

• es

• son

What is the verb Ser used for?

• Identify a person or thing (Ella es Claudia)

• Talk about one’s profession or origin (Son doctores)/(Roberto es de Chile)

• Describe someone’s or somethings inherent characteristics (Carla es inteligente)/(El hotel es elegante)

• Adjectives ending in -o have how many forms?

• Adjectives ending in -2 have how many forms?

• Adjectives ending in -2 have how many forms?

• -o = 4 forms (Viejo, Vieja, Viejos, Viejas)

• -e = 2 forms (Responsable, Responsables)

• -ista = 2 forms (Pesimista, Pesimistas)