structure of the neuron, 4 main parts Mirror neurons Sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system

What is the function of the cell body (soma) of a neuron?

Integrates signals received from dendrites and contains the nucleus and other organelles.

What are dendrites and their primary role in neuronal function?

Branch-like extensions that receive signals from other neurons and have receptors to detect neurotransmitters.

What is the purpose of the axon in a neuron?

A long, slender projection that transmits signals away from the cell body.

What is the function of the myelin sheath in the axon?

To increase the speed of signal transmission.

What occurs at the axon terminals?

Release neurotransmitters to communicate with other neurons or target cells.

What are mirror neurons and their significance?

Neurons that fire both when an individual performs an action and when they observe the same action, believed to be important for understanding actions and intentions, empathy, and learning through imitation.

What is the primary function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Responsible for the 'fight or flight' response, preparing the body for action.

What neurotransmitter does the sympathetic nervous system primarily use?

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline).

What is the primary function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Responsible for 'rest and digest' functions, conserving energy and slowing processes.

What neurotransmitter is primarily used by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Acetylcholine.