P21: Autonomic Nervous System
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Last updated 4:33 PM on 4/17/23
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34 Terms
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What functions does the autonomic nervous system control?
heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, salivation, perspiration, pupillary dilation, urination
2
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Where is the autonomic nervous system located in the brain?
medulla oblongata
3
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What are the subsystems of the autonomic nervous system?
parasympathetic, sympathetic
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How do the subsystems of the autonomic nervous system work?
one activates physiological response and the other inhibits it
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What is mimetic activity?
stimulating
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What is lytic activity?
inhibition
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What is another term for parasympathomimetics?
cholinergic agonists
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What is another term for parasympatholytics?
cholinergic antagonists
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What is another term for sympathomimetics?
adrenergic agonists
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What is another term for sympatholytics?
adrenergic antagonists
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What do parasympathotropic agents act on?
cholinergic receptors
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Which neurotransmitter acts on cholinergic receptors?
acetylcholine
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What are the classes of cholinergic receptors?
muscarinic, nicrotinic
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Where are muscarinic receptors found?
smooth muscle of exocrine glands and in the lungs
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What does the stimulation of muscarinic receptors cause?
hypersecretion
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Where are nicotinic receptors found?
neuromuscular junctions of somatic muscles
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What does the stimulation of nicotinic receptors cause?
muscular contraction
18
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What are drugs with parasympathomimetic activity divided into?
directly acting, indirectly acting
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What are directly acting parasympathomimetic drugs?
act like acetylcholine and bind to cholinergic receptors
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What are examples of directly acting parasympathomimetic active substances?
pilocarpine, carbachol, arecoline, acetylcholine, metacholine
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What are indirectly acting parasympathomimetic drugs?
inhibit enzyme acetylcholine esterase and inhibit degradation of acetylcholine
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What are examples of indirectly acting parasympathomimetic active substances?
physostigmine, neostigmine, pyridostigmine, organophosphates
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What are parasympatholytic drugs?
cholinergic blockers (competitive inhibition)
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What are examples of parasympatholytic active substances?
atropine, scopolamine, homatropine, propanteline
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What is atropine?
competitive antagonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (anticholinergic drug)
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What is atropine used as?
cycloplegic, mydriatic, resuscitation, premedication, treatment for organophosphate poisoning
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What effect do parasympatholytic drugs have on the pupils?
contraction of radial muscle fibres dominated; mydriasis (dilation)
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What effect do parasympathomimetic drugs have on the pupils?
contraction of circular muscle fibres dominated; miosis (constriction)
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Which muscle fibres of the iris and innervated by sympathetic nervous system?
radial muscle fibres
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Which muscle fibres of the iris and innervated by parasympathetic nervous system?
circular muscle fibres
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How do sympathotropic agents work?
bind to adrenergic receptors
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What are the neurotransmitters of adrenergic receptors?
adrenaline, noradrenaline
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What are examples of sympathomimetic agents?
adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, ephedrine, amphetamine
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What are examples of sympatholytic agents?
ergotamine, prazosine, propranolol, bisoprolol, esmolol, methyldopa
