dude

bro

Axial Skeleton

supports the central axis of the body; skull, the vertebral column, and the rib cage

appendicular skeleton

bones of the shoulder, pelvis, and upper and lower extremities

About how much time does it take for a new skeleton to fully generate

7 to 10 years

all new blood is formed in

the bone marrow

average human body has how many bones

206 bones

where are the axial bones found

cranium, spinal column, and rib cage

appendicular bones

your limbs and those bones that connect them to your axial skeleton.

spongy bone

compact bone

red bone marrow function

produces blood cells

yellow bone marrow function

stores energy as fat

osteons

structural unit of compact bone

Osteoblasts

bone building cells

in the womb, your bones start out as

cartilage

exercising stimulates ...

bone remodeling and bone strength

Osteoclasts

bone breaking cells

Three functions of the skeletal system

Support, Protection, and allowing for movement

Two Basic types of bone

spongy and compact bone

Four shape classifications of bone

Long, Short, Flat, Irregular

proximal epiphysis

Diaphysis

Distal epiphysis

Epiphyseal line

Articular cartilage

periosteum

Medullary cavity

Long Bone definition

longer than wide, shaft with enlarged ends, almost every bone of the limbs are long bones

Flat bone definiton

Thin, flattened, usually curved, Two thin layers of compact bone sandwiching a layer of spongy bone

Short bone definiton

Cube-shaped, mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone

Irregular bone definiton

Found in the vertebrae, mostly spongy with an outer layer of compact

Sesamoid bone

Small, round bone, embedded in a tendon

How many long bones in the body

90

How many short bones in the body

28

How many flat bones in the body

36

How many sesamoid bones in the body

4

How many Irregular bones in the body

48

Tuberosity

Large rounded projection; may be roughened

Crest

Narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent

Trochanter

Very large, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Line

Narrow ridge of bone; less prominent than a crest

Tubercle

Small rounded projection or process

Epicondyle

Raised area on or above a condyle

Spine

sharp, slender, often pointed projection

Process

any bony prominence

Head

bony expansion carried on a narrow neck

Facet

smooth, nearly flat articular surface

Condyle

A smooth, rounded articular process

Groove

furrow

Fissure

Narrow, slitlike opening

Foramen

Round or oval opening through a bone

Notch

indentation at the edge of a structure

Meatus

canal-like passageway

Sinus

Cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane

Fossa

Shallow, basinlike depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface

Ossification

process of bone formation, osteoblasts build a bone matrix over the hyaline cartilage, the center of the cartilage is then digested, forming the medullary cavity

Cross section of an osteon

Lamellae

Tubes in an osteon

central canal (haversian canal)

canal that houses blood vessels located at the center of the osteon

Lacunae

small spaces between the lamellae which contain osteocytes

Osteocytes

bone cells

after old bone tissue is cleaned out, what happens to the Osteoclasts

the osteoclasts go under apoptosis

Comminuted fracture

bone breaks into three or more fragments

Compression fracture

bone is crushed

Depressed fracture

broken bone portion is pressed inward; common skull fracture

Impacted fracture

broken bone ends are forced into each other

Spiral fracture

excessive twisting forces are applied to the bone; common sports fracture

Greenstick fracture

bone breaks incompletely, common in children

4 major events of bone fracture repair

hematoma forms, fibrocartilage callus forms, bony callus forms, bone remodeling occurs

What two fracture types are particularly common in old people?

Hip fracture and Vertebral fracture

Coronal suture

Parietal bone

Squamous suture

Temporal bone

Squamous temporal

Zygomatic process

External acoustic meatus

Lambdoid suture

Mastoid portion

Styloid process

Occipital bone

Zygomatic arch

Pterion

Frontal bone

Greater wing of sphenoid bone

Ethmoid bone

Lacrimal bone

Lacrimal fossa

Nasal bone

Maxilla

Articular tubercle

Mandibular fossa

Mandible

Mental protuberance of mandible

Vomer bone

Hyoid bone

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports the tongue and its muscles.

three main parts of axial skeleton

skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

how many bones in the vertebrae before birth and after birth

33 before birth, 24 after

How many cervical bones in the body

7

How many Thoracic bones in the body

12

How many lumbar bones in the body

5