Studied by 3 people
culture
the beliefs, values, practices, behaviors, and technology that a society passes down from generation to generation
cultural relativism
the judgement of a culture based on its unique traits without prejudice
ethnocentrism
the judgement of a culture based on assumptions or predetermined sometimes prejudiced ideas
cultural landscape
a natural landscape that has been modified by humans, reflecting their cultural beliefs and values
sense of place
personal attachments/perception based on our emotional connection and association with a place
placemaking
a participatory process for shaping public space that harnesses the ideas and assets of the local people
diffusion
the spread of phenomenon through time and space
expansion diffusion
the spread of the phenomenon to an increasing number of people
hierarchical diffusion
spread of a sensation thru rank order (highest → lowest), rank order based on power/influence
skips over nearby people/places yhat aren’t in that level of the hierarchy
contagious diffusion
the spread of a sensation based on proximity
ex. an infectious disease
stimulus diffusion
when a sensation is changed based on the area it is spread to
changes to overcome barriers to diffusion
ex. a food chain changes its menu based on the different cultures and countries it is in
relocatoon diffusion
the spread of an idea or group of people across space and time
# of people with the phenomenon stays roughly the same, but spreads spatially
ex. migration of hindus (ethnic religion that doesn’t seek converts)
syncretism
the combining of two or more cultural traits to create something new
ex. Virgin of Guadalupe blends Christian and Mesoamerican religious ideas
trade
exchanging one good for another
resulted in..
use of lingua franca
creolization
global diffusion of ideas, goods, etc.
lingua franca
a language used by different people who don’t speak the same language, primarily for trade
creolization
where two languages or cultures blend/mix
languages start as pidgin languages
form of syncretism
pidgin languages
A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca, used for communications among speakers of two different languages
emerges when two or more languages coexist in a small geographic area
language
oral/written communication system with grammar & vocabulary
dialect
regional variation of a standard language, distinguished by word choice, spelling, pronunciation, and degree of rapidity in speech
languaage family
largest language grouping and shares an ancestral language
ex. indo-european, niger-congo, sino-tibetan, austronesian
language branch
within language family
shares ancestor
separated from other branches in family
language group
within language branch
share a recent ancestor with overlapping vocabularies
isolated language
not assigned a language family
no historic or linguistic relationship with other languages
cause: related languages went extinct
hearth
place of origin for a specific idea or thought
universalizing religions
have universal appeal and seek converts
grows at a faster rate and spreads more geographically thru a combination of relocation and expabsion diffusion
ethnic religion
appeals to a particular group in a specific area
usually only grow due to childbirths
only seen outside hearths because of relocation diffusion
acculturation
when people within one culture adopt elements of another while still retaining their own distinct/unique culture
assimilation
when the interaction of two cultures causes one culture to adopt almost all the traits from another without retaining their own distinct culture
can be voluntary or forced
multiculturalism
when diverse cultures coexist within the same area
they can share some traits of the cultures around them but retain their original traits
ex. the united states has 11 distinct cultures (but probably more unknown ones) and is considered a melting pot for cultures
Note
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