AP Lang Vocab

Cultivated

Developed, improved, or refined, often through education or training.

Stratagems

Clever plans or schemes, especially those intended to outwit an opponent or achieve a specific goal.

Defiled

Made unclean or impure, often referring to moral or spiritual corruption or physical contamination.

Ascertaining

Finding out or learning with certainty; determining something with accuracy.

Conditioned

Trained or accustomed to respond in a certain way, often due to repeated experiences or exposure.

Enlightened

Having a deep understanding or insight, often free from ignorance, prejudice, or narrow-mindedness.

Disgraced

Having lost respect, honor, or reputation, often due to shameful behavior or actions.

Severity

Intensity or harshness, often referring to strictness or seriousness of a situation, behavior, or punishment.

Indignation

Strong displeasure or anger in response to something considered unjust, offensive, or unfair.

Impartiality

The quality of being fair and unbiased, not favoring one side over another.

Apathy

Lack of interest, enthusiasm, or concern, especially toward things that others find important or engaging.

Obdurate

Stubbornly refusing to change one's opinion or actions; unyielding to persuasion or influence.

Availed

Used to one's advantage or benefited from; often used in the context of taking advantage of an opportunity.

Debasing

Lowering in quality, value, or moral character; degrading or corrupting.

Servile

Excessively willing to serve or please others; submissive or fawning.

Reproving

Expressing disapproval or criticism, often with the intent to correct or guide.

Commenced

Began or started something.

Cynical

Distrusting or skeptical of others' motives, often believing people are primarily motivated by self-interest.